Anti-Leishmania major activity of Calotropis procera extract by increasing ROS production and upregulating TNF-α, IFN-γ and iNOS mRNA expression under in vitro conditions

Table 2 In vitro activity of C. procera against L. major promastigotes and its cytotoxicity for PBMCs

Treatments	IC₅₀ (µg/mL)	CC₅₀ (µg/mL)	SI
C. procera leaf extract
24 h	377.28 ± 0.16	1576.67 ± 25.17	5.28
72 h	222.44 ± 18.87	1164.33 ± 11.24	4.33
Glucantime
24 h	14.02 ± 0.13	Nd	–
72 h	5.5 ± 0. 11	Nd	–

IC₅₀: inhibitory concentration of C. procera leaf extract and glucantime for 50% of the promastigotes
CC₅₀: cytotoxic concentration of C. procera leaf extract for 50% of cells
SI: selectivity index = CC₅₀ PBMCs/IC₅₀ promastigote, SI > 1.0: not toxic for normal cells
nd: not determined

ISSN: 1349-4147