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Table 4 Bivariate analysis of IDDS at baseline and endline: a two-age group comparison

From: Enhancing child dietary diversity through cooking demonstration and nutritional education in rural Lao PDR

Items

6–23 months

P value

24–59 months

P value

2017 (n = 75)

2020 (n = 59)

2017 (n = 135)

2020 (n = 146)

IDDS (total score)*

 1

1 (1.3)

3 ( 5.1)

< 0.001b

1 ( 0.7)

0 ( 0.0)

< 0.001b

 2

13 (17.3)

1 ( 1.7)

17 (12.6)

6 ( 4.1)

 3

33 (44.0)

10 (16.9)

73 (54.1)

59 (40.4)

 4

17 (22.7)

19 (32.2)

31 (23.0)

45 (30.8)

 5

8 (10.7)

19 (32.2)

12 ( 8.9)

26 (17.8)

 6

3 (4.0)

6 (10.2)

1 ( 0.7)

10 ( 6.8)

 7

0 (0.0)

1 (1.7)

0 ( 0.0)

0 ( 0.0)

 8

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 ( 0.0)

0 ( 0.0)

IDDS (mean)a

3.36 (1.05)

4.22 (1.24)

< 0.001c

3.29 (0.85)

3.83 (1.00)

< 0.001c

For each Food Group*

 1. Grains, Roots and Tubers

75 (100)

56 (94.9)

0.779b

134 (99.3)

146 (100)

0.480b

 2. Vitamin A Rich Plant Foods

6 (8.0)

11 (18.6)

0.074b

29 (21.5)

43 (29.5)

0.136b

 3. Other Fruits and Vegetables

35 (46.7)

45 (76.3)

< 0.001b

107 (79.3)

137 (93.8)

< 0.001b

 4. Meat, Poultry, Fish and Seafood

61 (81.3)

53 (89.8)

0.224b

125 (92.6)

135 (92.5)

1.000b

 5. Eggs

17 (22.7)

25 (42.4)

0.024b

26 (19.3)

65 (44.5)

< 0.001b

 6. Pulses, Legumes and Nuts

4 ( 5.3)

8 (13.6)

0.100b

10 (7.4)

30 (20.5)

0.002b

 7. Milk and Milk Products

43 (57.3)

50 (84.7)

< 0.001b

3 (2.2)

6 ( 4.1)

0.504b

 8. Foods Cooked in Oil/Fat

20 (26.7)

11 (18.6)

0.308b

37 (27.4)

32 (21.9)

0.332b

 A. Snacks and Soft drinks

41 (54.7)

30 (50.8)

0.723b

68 (50.4)

104 (71.2)

< 0.001b

  1. Bold indicates that, as a result of statistical analysis, the p-value has become 0.05 or lower
  2. *Number (percentage: %)
  3. aMean (Standard Division)
  4. bChi-square test or Fisher’s exact test (when the expected frequencies include zero) for categorical variables
  5. cMann–Whitney U test for continuous variables