Enhancing child dietary diversity through cooking demonstration and nutritional education in rural Lao PDR

Table 3 Sociodemographic, economic and anthropometric characteristics between baseline and endline surveys

Items	Baseline2017 (n = 210)	Endline2020 (n = 205)	P value
Respondents*
Mother	190 (90.5)	182 (88.8)	*0.009*^b
Father	10 ( 4.8)	2 ( 1.0)
Grandparents/Others	10 ( 4.8)	21 (10.2)
Age groups*
6–23 months	75 (35.7)	59 (28.8)	0.160^b
24–59 months	135 (64.3)	146 (71.2)	0.160^b
Age in Days^a
6–23 months	492 (159.7)	493 (154.7)	0.969^c
24–59 months	1287 (299.1)	1322 (302.2)	0.393^c
Gender*
Male	101 (48.1)	95 (46.3)	0.795^b
Female	109 (51.9)	110 (53.7)	0.795^b
Villages*
Phakouay-dong	47 (22.4)	52 (25.4)	0.297^b
Phakouay-thong	80 (38.1)	87 (42.4)
Phakhong	83 (39.5)	66 (32.2)
Household size*
2–4	73 (34.8)	55 (26.8)	0.143^b
5–7	103 (49.0)	107 (52.2)
8 ≤	33 (15.7)	43 (21.0)
N/A	1 (0.5)	0 ( 0.0)
Ownership of Household Assets*
TV	150 (71.4)	160 (78.0)	0.150^b
Mobile Phone	176 (83.8)	177 (86.3)	0.558^b
Refrigerator	95 (45.2)	103 (50.2)	0.356^b
Tractor	134 (63.8)	140 (68.3)	0.390^b
Household Expenditure^a
Electricity bill (last month)^d	35,451 (39,529)	29,598 (37,468)	*0.015*^c
Child Health Status Yesterday*
Healthy	210 (100)	187 (91.2)	< *0.001*^b
Unhealthy	0 (0.0)	18 (8.8)	< *0.001*^b
Stunting (HAZ)*
− 2 <	128 (61.0)	119 (58.0)	0.166^b
− 2 ≤ HAZ ≤ − 3	64 (30.5)	59 (28.8)
− 3 >	15 (7.1)	16 (7.8)
N/A	3 (1.4)	11 (5.4)
Wasting / Overweight (WHZ)*
+ 2 ≤	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0.150^b
− 2 < WHZ < + 2	186 (88.6)	181 (88.3)
− 2 > WHZ ≥ − 3	21 (10.0)	12 (5.9)
− 3 >	0 (0.0)	1 (0.5)
N/A	3 (1.4)	11 (5.4)

Bold indicates that, as a result of statistical analysis, the p-value has become 0.05 or lower
*Number (percentage: %)
^aMean (Standard Division)
^bChi-square test or Fisher’s exact test (applied when expected frequencies are less than five) for categorical variables
^cMann–Whitney U test for continuous variables
^dThe currency used is LAK, the Laotian Kip

ISSN: 1349-4147