Table 2 Table showing blood pressure and health conditions of participants
From: Factors associated with undiagnosed hypertension among Tongan adults: a cross-sectional study
Characteristics | n (n = 473) | % |
|---|---|---|
Ever had blood pressure measured by a health worker? | ||
Yes | 419 | 88.6 |
No | 54 | 11.4 |
When was the last measurement taken? | ||
2023 | 165 | 39.3 |
2022 | 134 | 32.0 |
2021 | 41 | 9.8 |
2020 | 26 | 6.2 |
2019 | 25 | 6.0 |
2018–2010 | 15 | 3.6 |
Do not remember | 13 | 3.1 |
Where was the last measurement taken? | ||
Main hospital | 211 | 50.4 |
Church screening | 87 | 20.8 |
Nukunuku Health Center | 64 | 15.3 |
Private clinics | 28 | 6.7 |
Others | 18 | 4.2 |
Home visit by nurses | 11 | 2.6 |
Ever been told by health worker that you have hypertension? | ||
Yes | 109 | 23.0 |
No | 364 | 77.0 |
When were you told that you have hypertension? (n = 109) | ||
2023 | 38 | 34.8 |
2022 | 36 | 33.0 |
2021 | 7 | 6.4 |
2020 | 9 | 8.3 |
2019 | 9 | 8.3 |
2018–2015 | 7 | 6.4 |
2014–2010 | 3 | 2.8 |
Where were you told that you have hypertension? (n = 109) | ||
Main hospital | 47 | 43.1 |
Nukunuku Health Center | 21 | 19.3 |
Church screening | 19 | 17.4 |
Private clinic | 9 | 8.3 |
Others | 9 | 8.3 |
Home visit by nurses | 4 | 3.7 |
Ever had any chronic diseases that were confirmed at healthcare facility? | ||
Yes | 91 | 19.2 |
No | 382 | 80.8 |
Currently taking medication or under treatment for any chronic diseases? | ||
Yes | 94 | 19.9 |
No | 379 | 80.1 |
What chronic diseases are you currently taking medication or are under treatment for?a | ||
Hypertension | 50 | 49.5 |
Diabetes | 31 | 30.7 |
Cardiac disease | 3 | 3.0 |
Others | 17 | 16.9 |
Are you aware of the common signs of raised blood pressure? | ||
Yes | 133 | 28.1 |
No | 340 | 71.9 |
Do you sometimes have early morning headache? | ||
Yes | 96 | 20.3 |
No | 377 | 79.7 |
Do you sometimes have nose bleeds? | ||
Yes | 15 | 3.2 |
No | 458 | 96.8 |
Do you sometimes have shortness of breaths? | ||
Y es | 113 | 23.9 |
No | 360 | 76.1 |
Is the symptom (headache, nose bleed, and/or shortness of breath) severe or mild?b | ||
Mild discomfort | 112 | 62.6 |
Moderate | 20 | 11.2 |
Severe | 26 | 14.5 |
Don’t know | 21 | 11.7 |
Results of blood pressure measurement during survey | ||
Mean systolic blood pressure (standard deviation) | 131 (17) | |
Mean diastolic blood pressure (standard deviation) | 83 (12) | |
Undiagnosed hypertension | ||
Undiagnosed hypertension Have never been told by health worker that you have hypertension but showed hypertension during survey | 106 | 22.4 |
Diagnosed and undiagnosed normal Have never been told by health worker that you have hypertension and did not show hypertension during survey | 258 | 54.5 |
Diagnosed with hypertension Have been told by health worker that you have hypertension but did or did not show hypertension during survey | 109 | 23.0 |