Trend of sociodemographic and economic inequalities in the use of maternal health services in Lao People’s Democratic Republic from 2006 to 2017: MICS data analysis.

Table 5 Concentration indices (CIX) for maternal health service utilization based on sociodemographic and economic factors in 2006, 2011–12 and 2017 in Lao PDR

Variables	Year 2006 (N = 1622)		Year 2011–12 (N = 4444)		Year 2017 (N = 4460)
Variables	CIX	Standard errors	CIX	Standard errors	CIX	Standard errors
Use of at least one ANC with skilled personnel
Mother’s age	− 0.043	0.0181	− 0.014	0.0074	− 0.003	0.0042
Educational attainment	0.313	0.0162	0.222	0.0066	0.101	0.0039
Area of residence	0.281	0.0160	0.158	0.006	0.072	0.0038
Ethnicity	0.227	0.0172	0.162	0.0069	0.082	0.0039
Wealth quintiles	0.330	0.017	0.259	0.0066	0.121	0.0041
Institutional delivery
Mother’s age	− 0.030	0.0247	− 0.023	0.0099	0.008	0.0058
Educational attainment	0.331	0.0231	0.256	0.0091	0.139	0.0054
Area of residence	0.339	0.0221	0.220	0.008	0.120	0.0052
Ethnicity	0.142	0.0244	0.144	0.0095	0.114	0.0054
Wealth quintiles	0.358	0.0241	0.337	0.0089	0.193	0.0054

Variables	n	Means	Standard deviation	95% CI	P-values^††
t-test for comparison of means of CIX absolute values (for year 2017)
CIX absolute values for ANC	5	0.076	0.045	0.02–0.13	0.011
CIX absolute values for institutional delivery	5	0.115	0.067	0.03–0.20	0.011

Mean diff of CIX absolute values = mean of CIX absolute values for ANC − mean of CIX absolute values for institutional delivery
CIX concentration index, 95% CI 95% confidence intervals
^††P-values for one-sided test of CIX (absolute values) mean diff < 0

ISSN: 1349-4147