Table 4 Summary of antimicrobial susceptibility and multidrug resistance pattern of bacterial isolates in Africa

Asfaw et al. 2021 [21]

Ethiopia

Not reported

The overall multidrug resistance prevalence was 42.9%

-Bacterial isolates (CoNS, E. coli) showed higher resistance to Penicillin (84%), Ampicillin (81%), and Tetracycline (42%)

Gashaw et al. 2014 [44]

Ethiopia

About 87.5% of S. aureus, 89.3% of CONS, and all S. pyogenes isolates were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin

E. coli was 100% sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Gentamycin, and Trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole

-More than half (52.2%) and 60.9% of Gram-positive bacteria were resistant to Amoxicillin and Trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole

-E. cloacae were 100% resistant to Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin, Amoxicillin, and Chloramphenicol

Misgana et al. 2014 [43]

Ethiopia

The antimicrobial susceptibility of CoNS was 55.60% for methicillin, and S. aureus was 70.30% for Vancomycin

-About 39.40% of S. aureus isolates were MRSA, of which 38.50% were Vancomycin-resistant

Bodena et al. 2019 [45]

Ethiopia

Ceftriaxone (80.6%), Ciprofloxacin (77.3%), and Gentamicin (72.7%) showed higher activity against bacterial isolates (CONS, E. coli and S.aureus)

The overall prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) bacterial isolates was 69.9%

Amongst all the bacterial isolates, Pseudomonas sp. (87.5%), Klebsiella sp. (86.7%), and Citrobacter sp. (75%) showed MDR

Araya et al. 2021 [23]

Ethiopia

Citrobacter and E. coli are sensitive to Chloramphenicol and Cotrimoxazole

About 79.2% of the ESBL-producing isolates showed multidrug resistance

K. oxytoca, Salmonella spp., P. vulgaris, and P.mirabilis showed 100% multidrug resistance

Mohamedin et al. 2019 [46]

Egypt

About 100% of S. aureus was sensitive to Kanamycin and Trimethoprim–sulphamethoxazole

Around 98.2% of S.aureus was resistant to Methicillin, Oxacillin, and Ampicillin antibiotics

Mohamadou et al. 2021 [52]

Cameroon

Ceftazidim, Norfloxacin, Imipeneme, Netilmicin and Azthreonam) were efficient against the P. aeruginosas

The prevalence of MDR (≥ 3 antibiotic classes) of identified bacteria (S. aureus and Gram-negative bacteria) was 71.4%

Daoudi et al. 2017 [53]

Morocco

Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus sensible to Methicillin

Staphylococcus aureus strains were methicillin-resistant

Nwankwo et al. 2014 [20]

Nigeria

42.8% and 71.4% of S.aureus was sensitive to Amoxicillin and Gentamicin, respectively

High level of bacterial isolates (S.aureus, S. epidermidis) resistance against Cotrimoxazole, Tetracycline and Ampicillin, Gentamicin, Ceftriaxone, and Ciprofloxacin

Akinyemi et al. 2009 [54]

Nigeria

Over 75% of the isolates (CONS, E. coli and S.aureus, were susceptible to the Fluoroquinolone and Ceftriaxone antibiotics

Not reported

Bobat et al. 2016 [55]

South Africa

All of the S. aureus isolated were Methicillin/Cloxacillin sensitive

Not reported

Osman et al. 2018 [56]

Sudan

40% of Staphylococcus aureus isolates' sensitivity to Oxacillin

Staphylococcus aureus isolates were 98.6% resistant to Oxacillin

Tusabe et al. 2021 [57]

Uganda

All bacterial isolates (E. coli Micrococcus spp, CoNS, and Bacillus spp) are susceptible to gentamicin

About 60%, 80% and 90% of the CoNS isolates were resistant to Ciprofloxacin, penicillin, and cotrimoxazole, respectively

Mushabati et al. 2021 [24]

Zambia

S. aureus was susceptible

to Ciprofloxacin (88%), Clindamycin (88%), Gentamicin (84%), Cotrimoxazole (50%) and Erythromycin (50%)

Resistance to cefoxitin was detected in 25% of S. aureus and 48% of CoNS