Ethnobotanical study of nutraceutical plants used to manage opportunistic infections associated with HIV/AIDS in Acholi sub-region, Northern Uganda

Ikinyom, Norah; Lamwaka, Alice Veronica; Malagala, Aloysius Tenywa; Ndyomugyenyi, Elly Kurobuza

doi:10.1186/s41182-023-00540-w

Table 8 Nutraceutical plants in Gulu, Pader and Amuru districts used to manage bacterial opportunistic infections and mode of preparation for quality control

From: Ethnobotanical study of nutraceutical plants used to manage opportunistic infections associated with HIV/AIDS in Acholi sub-region, Northern Uganda

Scientific name, Family, Local name in native ‘Acholi dialect’	Accession number	Habit	Habitat	Conservation status	Bacterial opportunistic infection treated (uses)	Part used	Mode of preparation and administratn	Familiarity index	Fidelity Level
Acacia hockii De Wild (Leguminoceae) Okuto-oriang	MHU 32118	shrub	Bu	W/A	Cough. Diarrhea, stomachache	FL	Mix leaves in hot water, drink infusion	0.058	0.115
Acalypha villicaulis Hochst (Euphorbiaceae). Ayila	MHU 34107	Shrub	Bu	W/R	Diarrhea, eye infection	FR	Boil roots, drink decoction	0.028	0.110
Afromomum angustifolium Sonn (Zingiberaceae) Oceyo	MHU 31591	Herb	Bu	W/R	diarrhoea	FL	Boil leaves, drink decoction	0.003	0.001
Albizia coriaria Welw.ex.Oliv (Leguminoceae Ayek–ayek	MHU 38528	Tree	Wo	W/R	Tuberculosis, chest infection, sore throat	FR	Boil roots, drink decoction	0.023	0.110
Albizia grandibracteata Taub Leguminoseae Awak Owak	MHU 34331	Tree	Wo	W/A	Eye infection	FL	Macerate leaves in cold water, drink extract	0.003	0.010
Ammocharis tinneana (Kotschy & Peyr.) Amaryllidaceae Joda	MHU 41025	Bulb	Bu	W/R	cough	FL	Soak leaves in cold water, drink maceration	0.003	0.01
Ampelocissus africana (Lour.)Merr Vitaceae Olok	MHU 41684		Shrub	W/R	Diarhhoea	FR	Boil roots, drink decoction	0.008	0.03
Annona muricata L Annonaceae Obvolo	MHU 51003	Shrub	Bu	W/A	Diarrhea. stomachache, chest infection	FR	Boil roots, drink decoction	0.025	0.05
Asparagus africana Lam Asparagaceae Lagwari	MHU 35783	Herb	Fo	W/R	Eye infection	FFr	Swallow fruits	0.005	0.02
Azadirachta indica A.Juss Meliaceae Neem (English)	MHU 50969	Tree	P	Cu/A	Cough, diarrhea, tb, stomachache	FL	Boil leaves in water, drink decoction	0.025	0.02
Carica papaya.L Caricaceae Papai	MHU 42266	Herb	Ho	Cu/A	Diarrhea, sore throat, stomachache	FR	Boil roots, drink decoction	0.03	0.06
Carisa edulis (Forssk) Vahl Apocynaceae Ocuga	MHU 35814	Spiny shrub	Fo	W/A	Sore throat, cough	FL	Mix leaves in hot water, drink infusion	0.005	0.005
Cassia singueana Delile Leguminoseae Lakodok /akwadok	MHU 39624	Tree	Bu	W/R	Eye infection	S	Squeeze sap in eye	0.003	0.01
Cassia nigricans Vahl Leguminoseae Abanceng	MHU 32957	Shrub	Bu	W/A	Abdominal pain, cough, sore throat	FL	Mix leaves with hot water, drink infusion	0.045	0.09
Citrus limon(L.)Burm Rutaceae Lemun	MHU 42222	Shrub	Ho	Cu/A	Cough	FFr	Squeeze fruit in water, drink	0.008	0.003
Clematis hirsuta (Perr. & Guill.) Ranunculaceae Omwombyer(Acholi)	MHU 32013	Shrub	Fo	W/R	Cough, sore throat, stomachache, diarrhoea	FR	Boil roots, drink decoction	0.008	0.030
Clerodendrum myricoides (Hochst.)R.Br.ex Vatke Lamiaceae Okwero (Acholi)	MHU 38184	Shrub	Fo	W/R	Cough, eye infection, stomachache	FR	Boil roots in water, drink decoction	0.018	0.070
Echinops amplexicaulis Oliv Astereceae Alilokwang	MHU 37710	Shrub	Bu	W/R	Ear infection	FR	Boil roots, drink decoction	0.003	0.01
Erigeron floribundus (kunth) Asteraceae Aditong/ Gwelworu	MHU 51148	Herb	Rs	W/A	Cough, sore throat	FL	Chew leaves, infusion leaves	0.028	0.004
Erythrina abyssinica Lam.ex DC Leguminoceae Lucoro	MHU 42157	Tree	Fo	W/A	Eye and ear infection, diarrhea, wounds	FSB	Boil bark, drink decoction	0.013	0.013
Euphorbia hirta L Euphorbiaceae Acak–acak	MHU 42795	Herb	Rs	W/A	Syphilis, wounds stomachache	S	Apply sap on warts	0.01	0.02
Euphorbia tirucalli L Euphorbiaceae Kilajok	MHU 50984	Shrub	Bu	W/A	Eye infection, cough, eye infection, diarrhoea	S	Squeeze sap into eye	0.063	0.250
Ficus sycomorus L Moraceae Olam	MHU 37779	Tree	Bu	W/A	Syphilis, diarrhea, stomachache	FL,FSB	Boil leaves or bark in water, drink decoction	0.048	0.011
Ficus vasta Forssk Moraceae Foyo	MHU 36129	Tree	Bu	W/R	Diarrhea	FL	Mix leaves in hot water, drink infusion	0.003	0.01
Gardenia ternifolia Schum.& Thorn Rubiaceae Odwong	MHU 35775	Tree	Bu	W/A	Ear infection, tb, cough	S	Roast leaves, drip sap in ear	0.013	0.025
Gynandropsis gynandra (L.) Cleomeaceae Akeyo	MHU 35828	Herb	Ga	Cu/A	Ear and eye infection	FR	Boil roots, drink decoction	0.043	0.015
Harisonia abyssinica Oliv Rutaceae Pedo	MHU 35837	Shrub	Bu	W/R	Tuberculosis, cough, eye infection, diarrhoea	FL	Mix leaves in hot water, drink infusion	0.020	0.03
Harungana madagascariensis Lam. Ex Poiret Hypericaceae Aremu	MHU 32681	Big shrub	Fo	W/R	Diarrhea, stomachache	FR	Boil roots, drink decoction	0.023	0.09
Hibiscus sabdariffa (L.) Malvaceae Malakwang	MHU 41711	Shrub	Ga	Cu/A	Eye infection	FL	Cook leaves, eat as vegetable	0.005	0.010
Hoslundia opposita Vahl Lamiaceae Tuutu	MHU 41663	Shrub	Bu	W/R	Diarrhea, sore throat	FR	Boil roots, drink decoction	0.008	0.006
Hyparrhenia rufa (Nees) Stapf Poaceae Ajuu	MHU 33697	Grass	Gr	W/A	Eye infection	FR	Boil roots, drink decoction	0.003	0.01
Indigofera arrecta Hochst. A.Rich Leguminoceae Laywer	MHU 33709	Shrub	Bu	W/A	Stomachache. Cough, sore throat, tb	FR	Boil roots, drink decoction	0.030	0.017
Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A.Juss Meliaceae Tido	MHU 42488	Tree	Bu	W/A	Diarrhoea, cough, stomachache	FSB	Boil bark, drink decoction	0.028	0.005
Kigelia africana (Lam.)Benth Bigoniaceae Yago	MHU 31702	Tree	Fo	W/R	Cough	FR	Boil roots, drink decoction	0.005	0.02
Lantana camara L Verbenaceae Abelwinyu	MHU 50924	Shrub	Bu	W/A	Sore throat, ear infection, cough, eye infection	FL	Mix leaves with hot water, drink infusion	0.010	0.02
Lippia javanica (Burm.f.) Spreng Verbenaceae Orwo	MHU 31966	Herb	Bu	W/R	Sore throat, eye infection	FL	Chew leaves	0.003	0.03
Lonchocarpus laxiflorus Guill &Perr Leguminoceae Olwedo	MHU 43280	Tree	Fo	W/A	T.B, Respiratory tract infection, chest pain	FL	Mix leaves in hot water, drink infusion	0.020	0.011
Moringa oleifera L Moringaceae Moringa	MHU 41303	Tree	Wo	Cu/A	Stomachache, cough	FL	Mix leaves in hot water, drink infusion	0.008	0.010
Musa paradisiaca L Musaseae Labolo	AAA-EA	Herb	P	Cu/A	Diarrhea, wounds	S	Mix sap in cold water, drink	0.018	0.009
Occimum gratissimum L Lamiaceae Mida	MHU 35677	Herb	Rs	W/A	Cough	FL	Mix leaves in hot water, drink infusion	0.005	0.001
Persea americana Mill Anacardiaceae Avocado (English)	MHU 42243	Tree	Ho	Cu/A	Chest infection	FL	Boil leaves, drink decoction	0.003	0.001
Physalis minima Linn Solanaceae Kong-ogwal	MHU 37418	Herb	Rs	W/A	Sore throat	FR	Boil roots, drink decoction	0.003	0.010
Pistia stratiotes L Araceae Lagada	MHU 40124	Herb	Sw	W/R	Eye infection, cough	S	Drip leaf sap in eye	0.010	0.04
Pseudocedrella kotschyi (Schweinf.) Meliaceae Ofuti	MHU 50947	Tree	Bu	W/A	Diarrhoea	FR	Boil roots, drink decoction	0.008	0.003
Psidium guajava L Myrtaceae ‘ Mupeera	MHU 42105	Tree	Ho	Cu/α	Cough	FL	Boil leaves, drink decoction	0.010	0.04
Sansevieria newtoniana T.G Asparagaceae Tworo-gwok	MHU 42552	Herb	Bu	W/R	Diarrhea, ear infection	FL	Macerate leaves by soaking in cold water, drink extract	0.010	0.004
Sarcocephalus latifolius Smith Rubiaceae Munyu	MHU 50529	Tree	Bu	W/A	Diarrhea, syphillis	FR,FSB	Boil roots or bark in water, drink decoction	0.008	0.004
Senna obtisifolia (L.) Leguminoseae Oyedo	MHU 36690	Shrub	Fo	W/R	Eye infection, sore throat	S	Squeeze sap in eye	0.005	0.010
Solanecio manii (Hook.f.)C Solanaceae Taa-lyec	MHU 50551	Shrub	Bu	W/A	Abdominal pain, chest pain	FR	Boil roots in water, drink decoction	0.008	0.003
Solanum aethiopicum L Solanaceae Tula	MHU 32755	Shrub	Ga	Cu/A	Diarrhea	FFr	Cook fruits, eat as vegetable	0.003	0.01
Sporobolus pyramidalis P.Beauv Poaceae Ajiki (Acholi)	MHU 40673	Grass	Gr	W/A	Cough, sore throat	FL	Mix leaves in hot water, drink infusion	0.010	0.04
Steganotaenia araliacea Hochst Apiaceae Olwiro	MHU 38029	Shrub	Fo	W/R	Syphilis, T.B, respiratory tract infection	FR	Boil roots in water, drink decoction	0.018	0.035
Tamarindus indica L Leguminoseae Cwaa	MHU 40035	Tree	Ho	Cu/A	Diarrhea	FL,FSB	Boil leaves or root, drink decoction	0.003	0.010
Teclea nobilis Delile Rutaceae Acha–acha	MHU 32391	shrub	Bu	W/R	Stomachache	FL,FR	Mix leaves, roots in hot water, drink infusion	0.015	0.06
Terminalia glaucescens Planch.ex.Benth Combretaceae Opok	MHU 42410	Tree	Fo	W/R	Cough, stomachache, syphilis	FL	Chew leaves, boil roots in water, drink decoction	0.015	0.06
Uapaca guineensis Mull-Arg Euphorbiaceae Acak	MHU 32266	Tree	Bu	W/A	Syphilis, stomachache	FR	Boil roots, drink decoction	0.003	0.020
Vernonia amygdalina Del Asteraceae Labwori	MHU 42532	Shrub	Bu	W/A	Cough, diarrhea, stomachache	FL	Mix leaves in hot water, drink infusion	0.030	0.003
Vernonia lasiopus O.Hoffm Asteraceace Labuka	MHU 35754	Shrub	Bu	W/R	Eye and ear infection, stomachache	S	Squeeze sap into ear, eye	0.048	0.095
Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp Leguminoceae Boo	MHU 35800	Herb	Ga	Cu/A	Ear infection	FL	Cook leaves, eat as vegetable	0.030	0.01
Vitellaria paradoxa Gaetn Sapotaceae Yaa	MHU 33728	Tree	Ho	Cu/A	Diarrhea, stomachache	FSe	soak crushed seeds in cold water by maceration, drink	0.018	0.01
Vitex doniana L Verbenaceae Oywelo	MHU 35770	Tree	Bu	W/A	Diarrhea, chest pain, tb, ear and eye infection	FR	Boil roots in water, drink decoction	0.015	0.060
Waburgia ugandensis Sprague Canellaceae Abaki	MHU 50888	Tree	Bu	W/R	Tuberculosis, respiratory tract infection, chest pain, stomachache	FSB	Boil bark in water, drink decoction	0.020	0.080
Zingziber officinale (L)H.Karst Zingiberaceae Tangawuzi	MHU 51051	herb	Ga	Cu/A	Cough	FR	Boil roots drink decoction	0.008	0.030
Zizyphus abyssinica Hochst Rhamnaceae Lango	MHU 33483	Shrub	Bu	W/A	Ear infection, diarrhea	FL	Mix leaves in cold water, drink extract	0.005	0.020

Parts used: FL: fresh leaf, FR: fresh Root, FSB: fresh stem bark, FSe: fresh seed, FFr: fresh fruit, Bu: bulb, S: sap
Habitat: Bu—bushland, Gr—grassland, Ho—homestead, Rs—roadside, P—plantation, Sw—swamp, Ga—garden, Fo—forest, Wo—woodland
Conservation status: W/A: wild and abundant, W/R: wild and rare, Cu/A: cultivated and abundant, Cu/R: cultivated and rare
Decoction: water extraction by boiling of dissolved plant material and drank
Infusion: plant material is added to hot water and left to stand for few minutes and drank

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ISSN: 1349-4147

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