Table 3 Fixed effect (measures of association) results on the factors associated with awareness of obstetric fistula among women in sub-Saharan Africa

Age

 15–19

Reference (1.0)

Reference (1.0)

Reference (1.0)

 20–24

1.34*** (129–1.40)

1.36*** (1.31–1.41)

1.44*** (1.39–1.51)

 25–29

1.39*** (1.31–1.43)

1.40*** (1.34–1.46)

1.57*** (1.50–1.65)

 30–34

1.39*** (1.32–1.46)

1.42*** (1.36–1.49)

1.64*** (1.56–1.73)

 35–39

1.44*** (1.37–1.52)

1.48*** (1.40–1.55)

1.75*** (1.66–1.85)

 40–44

1.47*** (1.39–1.55)

1.50*** (1.42–1.59)

1.80*** (1.70–1.91)

 45–49

1.54*** (1.45–1.63)

1.57*** (1.48–1.66)

1.90*** (1.79–2.01)

Marital status

 Married

Reference (1.0)

Reference (1.0)

Reference (1.0)

 Not married

0.76*** (0.73–0.80)

0.77*** (0.73–0.80)

0.80*** (0.77–0.84)

 Cohabiting

0.83*** (0.80–0.86)

0.82*** (0.79–0.85)

0.91*** (0.87–0.95)

 Widowed

0.97 (0.91–1.04)

0.98 (0.92–1.05)

0.93* (0.87–1.00)

 Divorced

0.98 (0.93–1.02)

0.99 (0.95–1.04)

0.96 (0.91–1.00)

Parity

 No birth

0.76*** (0.73–0.80)

0.77*** (0.74–0.81)

0.82*** (0.78–0.86)

 One birth

0.80*** (0.76–0.83)

0.81*** (0.78–0.84)

0.88*** (0.85–0.92)

 Two births

0.86*** (0.83–0.89)

0.87*** (0.84–0.90)

0.92*** (0.89–0.96)

 Three births

0.87*** (0.83–0.90)

0.87*** (0.84–0.90)

0.92*** (0.88–0.95)

 Four or more births

Reference (1.0)

Reference (1.0)

Reference (1.0)

Employment status

 Not working

0.76*** (0.74–0.78)

0.77*** (0.75–0.78)

0.75*** (0.73–0.77)

 Working

Reference (1.0)

Reference (1.0)

Reference (1.0)

Exposure to mass media

 Not exposed

0.73*** (0.72–0.75)

0.73*** (0.71–0.74)

0.68*** (0.66–0.70)

 Exposed

Reference (1.0)

Reference (1.0)

Reference (1.0)

Wealth index

 Poorest

0.48*** (0.46–0.49)

0.43*** (0.41–0.45)

0.63*** (0.60–0.67)

 Poorer

0.54*** (0.52–0.56)

0.48*** (0.46–0.50)

0.70*** (0.66–0.73)

 Middle

0.54*** (0.52–0.56)

0.49*** (0.47–0.51)

0.67*** (0.64–0.70)

 Richer

0.60*** (0.58–0.62)

0.57*** (0.55–0.59)

0.69*** (0.67–0.72)

 Richest

Reference (1.0)

Reference (1.0)

Reference (1.0)

Level of education

 No education

Reference (1.0)

Reference (1.0)

Reference (1.0)

 Primary

1.37*** (1.33–1.40)

1.36*** (1.32–1.40)

1.20*** (1.16–1.23)

 Secondary

1.28*** (1.24–1.32)

1.28*** (1.24–1.32)

1.52*** (1.47–1.58)

 Higher

2.50*** (2.37–2.64)

2.49*** (2.35–2.63)

2.45*** (2.30–2.60)

Sexual activity

 Never had sex

0.82*** (0.78–0.86)

0.83*** (0.79–0.87)

0.86*** (0.81–0.90)

 Ever had sex

Reference (1.0)

Reference (1.0)

Reference (1.0)

Ever terminated a pregnancy

 No

Reference (1.0)

Reference (1.0)

Reference (1.0)

 Yes

1.08*** (1.05–1.11)

1.08*** (1.05–1.11)

1.26*** (1.22–1.30)

Type of place of residence

 Urban

0.70*** (0.68–0.72)

1.07*** (1.03–1.11)

 Rural

Reference (1.0)

Reference (1.0)

Community literacy level

 Low

0.81*** (0.78–0.84)

0.82*** (0.79–0.85)

 Medium

0.85*** (0.82–0.88)

0.85*** (0.83–0.88)

 High

Reference (1.0)

Reference (1.0)

Community socio-economic status

 Low

Reference (1.0)

Reference (1.0)

 Moderate

0.99 (0.96–1.02)

0.87*** (0.84–0.90)

 High

1.01 (0.97–1.05)

0.90*** (0.86–0.90)

Country

 Burkina Faso

0.27*** (0.26–0.29)

 Congo

0.10*** (0.09–0.11)

 Cameroon

0.14*** (0.13–0.15)

 Ethiopia

0.57*** (0.54–0.60)

 Gambia

0.08*** (0.07–0.08)

 Guinea

0.39*** (0.37–0.41)

 Kenya

0.83*** (0.37–0.41)

 Mali

0.80*** (0.75–0.85)

 Nigeria

0.67*** (0.63–0.71)

 Niger

0.61*** (0.58–0.65)

 Senegal

0.17*** (0.16–0.18)

 Chad

0.37*** (0.35–0.39)

 Togo

0.24*** (0.23–0.26)

 Uganda

Reference (1.0)