Table 2 Summary of the inclusion criteria

Publication period

Conducted from 2011 to 2022

The search was limited to the period of 01/01/2010 to 01/08/2022 because CSE was advocated in 2009. Studies published before 2011 will be excluded, to ensure the review examines current practice and challenges

Participants

Focused on teachers who work in the school

This qualitative systematic review should identify what teachers’ conflicts are based on their experiences and perceptions in the school. Therefore, we targeted teachers who work in the school to clarify their conflicts when implementing CSE

Study objectives

Relevant to teachers’ conflicts in implementing CSE or Sex Education

CSE covers various topics, such as relationships, rights, understanding of gender, and violence based on the components advocated by UNESCO. However, most of the studies do not include comprehensive content. Therefore, this review included traditional “Sex Education” on the search formula to find a study on the implementation of CSE and sex education

Study design

All Qualitative study

(Includes a mixed methods study)

This review focused on teachers' conflict or experience, and perception of the implementation of the CSE, which is most appropriately answered through a qualitative study or a mixed methods study. Therefore, any purely quantitative study was excluded through the screening process

Location and Language

All country, and published in the English Language

We targeted all countries; however, there are limitations in translating studies published in languages other than English and were thus excluded from the review