Table 3 Tetanus risk factors for development of ANSD (n = 179)

Age (years)

49 [40–61]

52.5 [45–68.5]

1.02

0.10–1.04

0.08

Male sex

108 (80%)

35 (79.5%)

0.97

0.429–2.37

0.95

Any comorbidities

51 (37.8%)

21 (47.7%)

1.50

0.75–3.00

0.24

Deep wound

3 (2.2%)

1 (2.3%)

1.02

0.05–8.23

0.98

Incubation period (days) (n = 134)

10 [7–14]

7 [5–10]

0.10

0.95–1.04

0.83

Period of onset (h) (n = 156)

48 [24–72]

24 [24–48]

0.98

0.96–0.99

0.004

Time from first symptom to admission (days) (n = 177)

4 [3–5]

2 [2–3]

0.69

0.54–0.85

0.001

History of difficulty breathing

23 (17.0%)

14 (31.8%)

2.27

1.03–4.92

0.04

 Highest SBP (mmHg)

140 [125–150]

140 [130–150]

1.02

1.00–1.04

0.02

 Highest heart rate (bpm)

92 [84–100]

96 [88–120]

1.03

1.01–1.05

0.002

 Heart rate range (bpm)

14 [8–22]

16 [10–28]

1.02

0.99–1.05

0.06

 Highest temperature (°C)

37.4 [37–37.8]

37.5 [37.2–38.0]

1.46

0.850–2.49

0.16

SpO₂ (%)

97 [96–98]

96 [93–98]

0.96

0.90–1.00

0.08

 0

115 (85.2%)

31 (70.5%)

Ref.

 > = 1

20 (14.8%)

13 (29.5%)

2.41

1.06–5.36

0.03

Urine output (ml/h)

71 [43–123]

77.5 [42–110]

1.00

0.99–1.00

0.62

 1

34 (25.2%)

2 (4.5%)

Ref.

 2

83 (61.5%)

33 (75.0%)

6.76

1.90–43.12

0.011

 3

18 (13.3%)

9 (20.5%)

8.50

1.94–59.82

0.010

Creatinine (μmol/L)

82.6 (± 32.3)

96.5 (± 58.9)

1.01

1.00–1.02

0.08

Platelets (× 10⁹/L)

281.4 (± 85.1)

289.5 (± 99.6)

1.01

1.00–1.00

0.60

Potassium (mEq/L) (n = 99)

3.6 (± 0.5)

3.7 (± 0.6)

1.493

0.64–3.53

0.35

White blood count (× 10⁹/L) (n = 100)

9.7 [7.1–11.3]

10.9 [8.6–14.2]

1.167

1.04–1.34

0.02