Table 3 Patient’s EMD laboratory investigations and management plan
Variables | n (%) |
|---|---|
Laboratory investigations | |
Serum lactate mean 3.2 ± 3.6 mmol/L | |
 Lactate levels (mmol/L) N = 387 | |
  < 2 | 182 (47.0) |
  2 to < 4 | 133 (34.4) |
  ≥ 4 | 72 (18.6) |
 Hyponatremia (Na+ < 136 mmol/L), N = 380 | 209 (55) |
 High urea (Serum Ur > 6 mmol/L), N = 336 | 174 (51.8) |
 High creatinine (serum Cr > 115 μmol/L), N = 321 | 153 (47.7) |
 WBCΩ < 4 or > 11, N = 150 | 71 (47.3) |
 PH (acidemia < 7.35), N = 287 | 100 (34.8) |
 Hypokalemia (K+ < 3.5 mmol/L), N = 379 | 112 (29.6) |
 Hemoglobin (<  7 g/dl), N = 266 | 41 (15.4) |
 mRDT positive, N = 371 | 24 (13.7) |
 Hyperkalemia (K+ > 5.5 mmol/L), N = 379 | 48 (12.7) |
 Low RBG, N = 371 | 19 (5.1) |
 HIV positive, N = 332 | 13 (3.9) |
EMD management (N = 387) | |
 Intravenous fluids | 328 (84.8) |
 Antibiotics | 166 (42.9) |
 Oxygen therapy | 104 (26.9) |
 Intubations | 22 (5.7) |
 Blood transfusion | 21 (5.4) |
 Inotropes/vasopressors | 10 (2.6) |
 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation | 9 (2.3) |