Table 2 Characteristics of under-5 moderate-to-severe diarrheal children from the two types of tube well water-user families
Variables | Shallow tube well (N = 663), n (%) | Deep tube well (N = 731), n (%) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (month) | ||||
0–11 | 264 (39.8) | 286 (39.1) | 1.03 [0.83, 1.27] | 0.957 |
12–23 | 226 (34.1) | 250 (34.2) | 0.99 [0.79, 1.24] | |
24–59 | 173 (26.1) | 195 (26.7) | 0.97 [0.76, 1.23] | |
Gender | ||||
Girl | 277 (41.8) | 303 (41.5) | 1.01 [0.81, 1.25] | 0.944 |
Boy | 386 (58.2) | 428 (58.5) | ||
Maternal education | ||||
Illiterate | 79 (11.9) | 78 (10.7) | 1.13 [0.81, 1.57] | 0.516 |
Literate | 584 (88.1) | 653 (89.3) | ||
Sleeping room | ||||
1–4 | 630 (95.0) | 666 (91.1) | 1.86 [1.21, 2.87] | 0.005* |
5–10 | 33 (5.0) | 65 (8.9) | ||
Floor | ||||
Earth | 582 (87.8) | 578 (79.1) | 1.90 [1.41, 2.54] | < 0.001* |
Cemented | 81 (12.2) | 153 (20.9) | ||
Electricity | ||||
No | 268 (40.4) | 233 (31.9) | 1.45 [1.16, 1.80] | 0.001* |
Yes | 395 (59.6) | 498 (68.1) | ||
Water trips daily | ||||
1–4 | 348 (53.0) | 386 (52.8) | 0.99 [0.80, 1.22] | 0.994 |
5–26 | 309 (47.0) | 345 (47.2) | ||
Treating method | ||||
Through cloth | 628 (94.7) | 721 (98.6) | 0.24 [0.12, 0.50] | < 0.001* |
Filter | 35 (5.3) | 10 (1.4) | ||
Treat drinking water | ||||
No | 615 (92.8) | 718 (98.2) | 0.23 [0.12, 0.43] | < 0.001* |
Yes | 48 (7.2) | 13 (1.8) | ||
Type of container | ||||
Wide mouth container | 633 (99.5) | 700 (99.4) | 1.20 [0.26, 5.40] | 1.000 |
Narrow mouth container | 3 (0.5) | 4 (0.6) | ||
Container covered | ||||
No | 363 (57.1) | 384 (54.5) | 1.10 [0.89, 1.37] | 0.381 |
Yes | 273 (42.9) | 320 (45.5) | ||
Hand wash use | ||||
Water with ash and mud | 88 (13.3) | 84 (11.5) | 1.17 [0.86, 1.62] | 0.353 |
Water and soap only | 575 (86.7) | 647 (88.5) | ||
Hand washing practice | ||||
Before eating | ||||
No | 139 (21.0) | 117 (16.0) | 1.39 [1.06, 1.82] | 0.020* |
Yes | 524 (79.0) | 614 (84.0) | ||
Before cooking | ||||
No | 292 (44.0) | 328 (44.9) | 0.96 [0.78, 1.19] | 0.797 |
Yes | 371 (56.0) | 403 (55.1) | ||
Before nursing | ||||
No | 506 (76.3) | 521 (71.3) | 1.29 [1.02, 1.65] | 0.038* |
Yes | 157 (23.7) | 210 (28.7) | ||
After defecation | ||||
No | 108 (16.3) | 122 (16.7) | 0.97 [0.73, 1.29] | 0.897 |
Yes | 555 (83.7) | 609 (83.3) | ||
Fecal dispose | ||||
Traditional pit toilet | 368 (55.5) | 438 (59.9) | 0.83 [0.67, 1.03] | 0.107 |
Pour flush toilet | 295 (44.5) | 293 (40.1) | ||
Nutritional status | ||||
% stunting | 156 (23.5) | 179 (24.5) | 0.95 [0.74, 1.21] | 0.722 |
% underweight | 221 (33.3) | 232 (31.7) | 1.07 [0.86, 1.35] | 0.563 |
% wasting | 141 (21.3) | 154 (21.1) | 1.01 [0.78, 1.31] | 0.980 |
Wealth quintile | ||||
Poor | 291 (43.9) | 270 (36.9) | 1.33 [1.08, 1.66] | 0.010* |
Rich | 372 (56.1) | 461 (63.1) | ||