Content analysis of health-related subjects in the K12 school curricula of Japan, Indonesia, Philippines, Guam, Micronesia, Marshall Islands, Palau, and Fiji

Nishio, Akihiro; Shibuya, Fumiko; de los Reyes, Calvin S.; Estrada, Crystal Amiel M.; Gregorio, Ernesto R.; Sari, Dian Puspita; Warnaini, Cut; Kadriyan, Hamsu; Cruz, Maria Sandra M.; Hattori-Uchima, Margaret; Dacanay, Paul; Dacanay, Rudelyn; Enos, Hillia Langrine; Ngirmang, Tarmau Terry; Khalif, Mohamed; Volavola, Saula Golea; Tomokawa, Sachi; Kigawa, Mika; Kobayashi, Jun

doi:10.1186/s41182-023-00511-1

Table 4 Mental health-related items in the curricula

From: Content analysis of health-related subjects in the K12 school curricula of Japan, Indonesia, Philippines, Guam, Micronesia, Marshall Islands, Palau, and Fiji

Target	Subcategory	Items of curricula	Japan	Indonesia	Philippines	Guam	FSM	Marshall Islands	Palau	Fiji
Primary school	Knowledge of mental health	Basic understanding of mental health or mental illness			Health	Health		Health
		More specific knowledge of mental illness
		Understanding mental developmental stage		Religion (Ch)	Health					Health
		Understanding mental developmental stage		Science	Home economics					Health
	Communication skill	Mutual understanding with peers	Integrated studies	Religion (Is, Ch, Ca, Hi)	Health	Health		Language	Health	Morals
			Integrated studies	Social studies		Health			Health	Morals
			Morals	Language		Social studies			PE	Health
		Communication with family members	Morals	Religion (Is, Hi, Ko)	Health	Health			Health	Morals
				Language		Social studies				Health
				Social studies
		Seeking help and finding support			Health	Health		Health	Health	Morals
		Seeking help and finding support			Health	Social studies		Health	Health	Health
	Coping method	Self-awareness	Integrated studies	Religion (Is, Ch, Ca)	Health	Health
		Management of emotions	Integrated studies	Religion (Is)	Health	Health				Health
		Stress management and coping	Integrated studies							Health
						Health
		Managing conflict	Integrated studies	Religion (Is, Ch)	Health	Social studies	Social studies	Social studies	Health	Health
		Positive mental health	Integrated studies		Health	Health				Health
	Other	Stigma toward mental illness
Middle school	Knowledge of mental health	Basic understanding of mental health or mental illness			Health	Health		Health		Health
		More specific knowledge of mental illness			Health
		Understanding developmental stage	Integrated studies		Health					Health
	Communication skill	Mutual understanding with peers	Integrated studies	Religion (Is, Ch, Hi)		Health		Language	Health	Health
		Mutual understanding with peers	Morals	Religion (Is, Ch, Hi)		Health		Language	Health	Health
		Communication with family members	Morals	Social studies		Health		Health	Health	Health
		Seeking help and finding support				Health				Health
	Coping method	Self-awareness	Integrated studies	Social studies	Health	Health		Language	Health	Health
		Self-awareness	Integrated studies	Religion (Is, Ch, Hi, Bu)	Health	Health		Language	Health	Health
		Management of emotions			Morals	Health				Health
		Stress management and coping			Health			Health		Health
		Managing conflict					Social studies	Health		Health
		Managing conflict					Social studies	Social studies		Health
		Positive mental health
	Other	Stigma toward mental illness
		Other (violence, bullying)		Health and PE	Morals					Health
		Other (child protection)			Morals
High school	Knowledge of mental health	Basic understanding of mental health or mental illness			Morals	Health
		More specific knowledge of mental illness
		Understanding developmental stage		Religion (Ch)	Morals	Home economics
	Communication skill	Mutual understanding with peers	Integrated studies	Religion (Ch)	Morals	Health
		Communication with family members		Religion (Ch, Is)	Morals	Health		Health
		Seeking help and finding support				Health
	Coping method	Self-awareness	Integrated studies	Religion (Is, Ch)	Morals	Health
		Management of emotions		Religion (Ch)	Morals	Health
		Stress management and coping			Morals	Health
		Managing conflict		Religion (Ch)		Health	Social Studies	Social studies
		Managing conflict		Religion (Ch)		Health	Social Studies	Health
		Positive mental health			Morals	Health
	Other	Stigma toward mental illness
	Other	Other (suicide prevention)		Religion (Ca)

Japan and Indonesia taught mental health topics mainly as part of morals or religion. Other countries imparted mental health topics mainly as part of health. Only FSM did not have a subject that widely covered mental health-related topics
Is Islam, Ca Catholicism, Cr Christianity, Hi Hinduism, Ko Confucianism, Bu Buddhism

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ISSN: 1349-4147

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