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Table 3 Hygiene-related items in the curricula

From: Content analysis of health-related subjects in the K12 school curricula of Japan, Indonesia, Philippines, Guam, Micronesia, Marshall Islands, Palau, and Fiji

Target

Subcategory

Items of curricula

Japan

Indonesia

Philippines

Guam

FSM

Marshal Islands

Palau

Fiji

Primary School

Individual practices

Handwashing with soap

Health

Language

Health

Health

 

Health

 

Health

Social studies

Maintaining physical cleanliness (shower, haircut, etc.)

Health

Health and PE

Health

Health

 

Health

 

Health

Religion (Is, Ca, Ko)

Home economics

Language

Maintaining cleanliness of clothes

Home economics

Health and PE

Home economics

Health

 

Health

 

Health

Health

Housing

Keeping environmental hygiene (house, room, toilet, etc.)

Science

Religion (Is, Ca)

Health

  

Social studies

 

Moral

Home economics

Health and PE

Language

Home economics

Health

Social studies

Ventilation of rooms

Home economics

       

Hygienic management of food and cooking utensils

Home economics

 

Home economics

     

Knowledge of hygiene

Prevention of injury

Science

Health and PE

Health

Health

 

Health

Health

Morals

Health

First-aid treatment

Health

Health and PE

Health

Health

Health

 

Health

The concept of health and the causes of disease

Science

Language

Health

  

Health

Health

Morals

Health

Science

 

Health

Infectious diseases

Health

Health and PE

Health

Health

 

Health

 

Health

Science

Menstrual hygiene

 

Health and PE

Health

    

Health

Environment

Clean water

  

Health

  

Science

 

Morals

Health

Garbage problem

 

Language

Health

    

Morals

Social Studies

Health

Pollution of the air, land, water, etc

  

Health

Science

 

Science

 

Health

Home economics

Middle School

Individual practice

Handwashing with soap

   

Home economics

   

Health

Health

Maintaining physical cleanliness (shower, haircut, etc.)

 

Religion (Is, Bu)

 

Health

  

Health

Health

Maintaining cleanliness of clothes

Home economics

Religion (Is, Bu)

 

Health

 

Health

  

Housing

Keeping environmental hygiene (house, room, toilet, etc.)

Home economics

Social studies

   

Health

 

Health

Ventilation of rooms

       

Health

Hygienic management of food and cooking utensils

Home economics

  

Home economics

 

Nutrition

  

Knowledge of hygiene

Prevention of injury

Home economics

Health and PE

Health

   

Health

Health

Health

Home economics

First-aid treatment

Health

Health and PE

Health

    

Health

Home economics

The concept of health and the causes of disease

Health

Health and PE

Health

  

Health

Health

Health

Infectious diseases

Health

 

Health

  

Health

 

Health

Menstrual hygiene

       

Health

Environment

Clean water

  

Health

  

Health

 

Health

Garbage problem

  

Health

    

Health

Pollution of the air, land, water, etc

  

Health

  

Health

 

Health

Science

High School

Individual practice

Handwashing with soap

 

Health and PE

 

Home economics

    

Health

Maintaining physical cleanliness (shower, haircut, etc.)

 

Health and PE

 

Health

 

Nutrition

  

Maintaining cleanliness of clothes

Home economics

       

Housing

Keeping environmental hygiene (house, room, toilet, etc.)

Home economics

Health and PE

   

Health

  

Ventilation of rooms

        

Hygienic management of food and cooking utensils

Home economics

 

Home economics

Home economics

    

Health

Knowledge of hygiene

Prevention of injury

 

Health and PE

PE

Health

    

First-aid treatment

Health

 

Home economics

  

Health

  

The concept of health and the causes of disease

Health

Health and PE

   

Health

  

Infectious diseases

Science

Science

 

Health

 

Health

  

Health

Menstrual hygiene

        

Environment

Clean water

        

Garbage problem

 

Science

Home economics

     

Pollution of the air, land, water, etc

 

Science

      

Social studies

  1. FSM did not have any curriculum which educated hygiene-related items. Individual practices and health-related knowledge were widely covered in many countries. However, environmental items were not widely covered
  2. Is  Islam, Ca  Catholicism, Cr  Christianity, Hi  Hinduism, Ko Confucianism, Bu  Buddhism