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Table 1 Epidemiologic and clinical features of children with COVID-19 admitted to San Lazaro Hospital, January 25, 2020 to January 25, 2022 (n = 115)

From: Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of children with confirmed COVID-19 infection in a tertiary referral hospital in Manila, Philippines

Characteristics

Total,

n = 115

Asymptomatic/mild/moderate disease,

n = 87

Severe/critical disease,

n = 28

p-valuea

Age (years)

  

 Mean (SD)

9.5 (6.1)

9.3 (5.9)

10.1 (6.7)

0.449

 Median (IQR)

10 (4, 15)

9 (4, 15)

10.5 (5, 17)

Age group, n (%)

  

 < 1 year old

14 (12.2)

8 (57.1)

6 (42.9)

0.180

 1–5 years old

20 (17.4)

18 (90.0)

2 (10)

 6–12 years old

34 (29.5)

26 (76.5)

8 (23.5)

 13–18 years old

47 (40.9)

35 (74.5)

12 (25.5)

Sex, n (%)

  

 Female

42 (36.5)

35 (83.3)

7 (16.7)

0.179

 Male

73 (63.5)

52 (71.2)

21 (28.8)

Reported symptoms, n (%)

 

 No symptoms

1 (0.9)

1 (100.0)

0 (0.0)

1.000

 Fever

85 (73.9)

66 (77.7)

19 (22.3)

0.460

 Respiratory

    

  Cough

64 (55.7)

47 (73.4)

17 (26.6)

0.663

  Coryza

25 (21.7)

23 (92.0)

2 (8.0)

0.035

  Sore throat

13 (11.3)

8 (61.5)

5 (38.5)

0.300

  Difficulty of breathing

29 (25.2)

13 (44.8)

16 (55.2)

< 0.001

 Gastrointestinal

    

  Diarrhea

11 (9.6)

8 (72.7)

3 (27.3)

0.728

  Loss of appetite

16 (13.9)

11 (68.8)

5 (31.2)

0.534

  Vomiting

22 (19.1)

18 (81.8)

4 (18.2)

0.586

  Abdominal pain

12 (10.4)

10 (83.3)

2 (16.7)

0.728

 Neurologic

    

  Headache

11 (9.6)

10 (90.9)

1 (9.1)

0.290

  Seizures

4 (3.5)

3 (75.0)

1 (25.0)

1.000

 Others

    

  Anosmia

4 (3.5)

4 (100.0)

0 (0.0)

0.571

  Ageusia

6 (5.2)

5 (83.3)

1 (16.7)

1.000

  Body weakness

12 (10.4)

10 (83.3)

2 (16.7)

0.728

  Rashes

5 (4.3)

3 (60.0)

2 (40.0)

0.594

Interval between onset of symptoms and admission (days)

  

 Mean (SD)

11 (22.3)

11.6 (23.0)

12.2 (20.3)

0.015

 Median (IQR)

5 (3, 8)

5 (3, 7)

6.5 (4, 12.5)

 0–7 days

83 (72.2)

68 (81.9)

15 (18.1)

 8–14 days

18 (15.7)

9 (50.0)

9 (50.0)

 > 15 days

14 (12.2)

10 (71.4)

4 (28.6)

Duration of hospitalization (days)

  

 Mean (SD)

11 (11.4)

9.6 (7.4)

18.5 (17.8)

0.043

 Median (IQR)

8 (6, 12)

8 (5, 11)

11 (6, 24.5)

Co-morbidityb, n (%)

 

 Tuberculosis, any form

20 (17.4)

10 (50.0)

10 (50.0)

0.008

 Dengue

14 (12.2)

12 (85.7)

2 (14.3)

0.512

 HIV

5 (4.3)

2 (40.0)

3 (60.0)

0.092

 Other illnesses aside from TB, dengue, HIV

21 (18.3)

10 (47.6)

11 (52.4)

0.003

 ≥ 1 underlying disease

56 (48.7)

32 (57.1)

24 (42.9)

< 0.001

COVID-related diagnosis, n (%)

 

 Pneumonia

44 (38.3)

29 (65.9)

15 (34.1)

0.074

 Acute upper respiratory infection

22 (19.1)

21 (95.5)

1 (4.5)

0.014

 Acute respiratory distress syndrome

2 (1.7)

0 (0.0)

2 (100.0)

0.058

 Acute gastroenteritis

5 (4.3)

5 (100.0)

0 (0.0)

0.333

 Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C)

2 (1.7)

0 (0.0)

2 (100.0)

0.058

 Sepsis

3 (2.6)

1 (33.3)

2 (66.7)

0.146

 Myocarditis

1 (0.9)

1 (100.0)

0 (0.0)

1.000

 Neurologicc

4 (3.5)

3 (75.0)

1 (25.0)

1.000

Vaccination status, n (%)

  

 Not vaccinated

113 (98.3)

85 (75.2)

28 (24.8)

1.000

 Vaccinated

2 (1.7)

2 (100.0)

0 (0.0)

Outcome, n (%)

  

 Died

10 (8.7)

2 (20.0)

8 (80.0)

< 0.001

 Discharged

105 (91.3)

85 (80.9)

20 (19.1)

  1. ap-value from Fisher’s exact test (categorical variables) or Mann–Whitney U test (continuous variables). A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant
  2. bCo-morbidity: one or more additional diseases occurring concomitantly with a primary disease or disorder [18]
  3. cNeurologic: seizure disorder, encephalitis