Table 1 Baseline clinical characteristics of study patients on admission
Baseline data | P. falciparum patients (n = 96) | P. vivax patients (n = 71) | DHF patients (n = 52) | p values | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | Gender [Male: n (%)] | 80 (83.3) | 65 (91.5) | 27 (52.0) | < 0.001 |
Age (years) Median (range) | 27 (15–64) | 27 (15–64) | 24 (16–73) | 0.550 | |
Occupations n (%) | Laborer | 58 (60.4) | 44 (62.0) | 13 (25.0) | < 0.001 |
Student | 6 (6.3) | 1 (1.4) | 13 (25.0) | ||
Office worker | 4 (4.2) | 2 (2.8) | 8 (15.4) | ||
Othersa | 25 (26.0) | 17 (23.9) | 9 (17.3) | ||
Unemployed | 3 (3.1) | 7 (9.9) | 9 (17.3) | ||
Initial vital signs Median (range) | Body core temperature (°C) | 37.9 (36.0–40.0) | 37.8 (36.4–40.2) | 37.5 (36.0–40.9) | 0.178 |
Systolic blood (mmHg) | 110 (84–156) | 112 (89–165) | 111 (80–143) | 0.962 | |
Diastolic blood (mmHg) | 69 (42–100) | 66 (45–96) | 70 (46–93) | 0.723 | |
Pulse rate (/min) | 92 (60–133) | 92 (60–142) | 88 (52–120) | 0.091 | |
Respiratory rate (/min) | 22 (16–42) | 20 (18–26) | 20 (14–28) | < 0.001 | |
Clinical presentations n (%) | Chill and rigor | 86 (89.6) | 64 (90.1) | 18 (34.6) | < 0.001 |
Headache | 77 (80.2) | 38 (53.5) | 17 (32.7) | < 0.001 | |
Myalgia | 59 (61.5) | 54(76.1) | 34 (65.4) | 0.133 | |
Nausea/vomiting | 50 (52.1) | 18 (25.4) | 19 (36.5) | 0.002 | |
Abdominal discomfort | 18 (18.8) | 7 (9.9) | 16 (30.8) | 0.013 | |
Diarrhea | 13 (13.5) | 13 (18.3) | 12 (23.1) | 0.332 | |
Cough | 36 (37.5) | 16 (22.5) | 8 (15.4) | 0.008 | |
Rash | 1 (1.0) | 0 | 30 (57.7) | < 0.001 |