Table 1 Baseline sociodemographic characteristics of male and female participants

N (%)

137 (33%)

277 (67%)

34% (24–44)

< 0.001

Age (years)

 Mean (SD)

55 (18)

58 (14)

3 (− 6–0.1)

0.05

Education

 None

21 (15%)

67 (24%)

9% (− 27–9)

0.38

 Less than primary

58 (42%)

140 (51%)

9% (− 24–6)

0.25

 Primary school completed

21 (15%)

35 (13%)

2% (− 17–21)

0.83

 Secondary school completed

24 (18%)

32 (12%)

6% (− 13–25)

0.53

 College/university completed

8 (6%)

3 (1%)

5% (− 15–25)

0.73

 Postgraduate degree

5 (4%)

–

4%

–

Marital status

 Never married

11 (8%)

7 (3%)

5% (− 15–25)

0.66

 Currently married

107 (78%)

141 (51%)

27% (16–38)

< 0.001

 Separated

3 (2%)

20 (7%)

5% (− 4–18)

0.74

 Divorced

5 (4%)

26 (9%)

5% (− 25–15)

0.71

 Widowed

11 (8%)

83 (30%)

22% (3–41)

0.12

 Cohabiting

–

–

Work status

 Government employee

11 (8%)

12 (4%)

4% (− 15–23)

0.68

 Non-government

9 (7%)

7 (3%)

4% (− 17–25)

0.72

 Self employed

61 (45%)

81 (29%)

16% (0.1–32)

0.05

 Non-paid worker

8 (6%)

21 (8%)

2% (− 22–18)

0.85

 Student

1 (1%)

–

–

–

 Homemaker

3 (2%)

15 (5%)

3% (− 22–16)

0.82

 Retired with benefits

13 (9%)

5 (2%)

7% (− 13–27)

0.60

 Unemployed

31 (23%)

136 (49%)

26% (9–43)

< 0.01

Average household income (MK)

 Mean (SD)

87,016.15 (84,493.59)

69,117.52 (86,475.66)

17,898.64 (− 74–35 871)

0.05