A pre-vaccine exploratory survey of SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity among Egyptian general population

Table 1 Socio-demographic data of 2360 participants according to results of their SARS-CoV-2 anti-S

	SARS-CoV-2 anti-S						p-value
	Negative		Positive		Borderline
	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
Governorate
Alexandria (30.3%)	396	55.4	295	41.3	24	3.4	0.236^$
Monufia (27.0)	355	55.7	259	40.7	23	3.6
Cairo (9.2%)	122	56.0	92	42.2	4	1.8
Giza (5.5%)	64	49.2	64	49.2	2	1.5
Qalyubia (8.8%)	123	59.4	77	37.2	7	3.4
Dakahlia (10.9%)	150	58.1	92	35.7	16	6.2
Faiyum (4.2%)	33	33.0	67	67.0	0	0.0
Suez (4.0%)	21	22.1	74	77.9	0	0.0
Gender
Male (46.4%)	633	57.8	428	39.1	35	3.2	0.001*
Female (53.6%)	631	49.9	592	46.8	41	3.2	0.001*
Age (years)
< 15 (19.4%)	241	52.7	208	45.5	8	1.8	0.328
15–29 (18.3%)	227	52.5	183	42.4	22	5.1
30–39 (17.6%)	227	54.7	174	41.9	14	3.4
40–59 (32.6%)	412	53.5	334	43.4	24	3.1
60+ (12.1%)	157	54.9	121	42.3	8	2.8
Residence
Urban (51.2%)	630	52.1	552	45.7	27	2.2	0.008*
Rural (37.1%)	492	56.2	346	39.5	37	4.2
Slum (11.7%)	142	51.4	122	44.2	12	4.3
Education
Illiterate (18.4%)	247	56.8	177	40.7	11	2.5	0.333
Primary (15.0%)	187	53.0	158	44.8	8	2.3
Preparatory (12.7%)	150	50.2	140	46.8	9	3.0
Secondary (27.5%)	331	51.1	291	44.9	26	4.0
University (26.5%)	349	55.8	254	40.6	22	3.5
Marital status
Single (34.7%)	444	54.1	349	42.6	27	3.3	0.160^$
Married (57.8%)	739	54.1	580	42.5	46	3.4
Divorced/widow (7.4%)	81	46.3	91	52.0	3	1.7
History of COVID-19 diagnosis^#
No (92.3%)	1223	56.2	885	40.6	70	3.2	0.001*
Yes (7.7%)	41	22.5	135	74.2	6	3.3	0.001*
History of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 infection
No (98.6%)	1237	53.5	1001	43.3	76	3.3	0.410^$
Yes (1.4%)	27	58.7	19	41.3	0	0.0	0.410^$

^*P < 0.05 (significant) using Pearson X² test, except “$” which indicates the use of exact probability test
^#Diagnosis based on any diagnostic means (clinical symptoms—laboratory biochemical and hematological parameters—rapid antigen test–PCR–chest CT)

ISSN: 1349-4147