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Table 5 Occurrence of MDR and ESBLs producing Enterobacteriaceae within the hospitals sampling units, time and round of wastewater collection at selected governmental hospitals, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from April 1 to May 31, 2020

From: Occurrence and anti-microbial susceptibility pattern of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae in governmental hospitals wastewater in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Hospitals isolates n, vs. ESBLs positive and MDR yes, n (%)

Sampling unit n (%)

Wastewater collected time

Wastewater collected round

Adult ward

Pediatric ward

Laboratory

Laundry

Labor ward

Mixed source

MDR TB ward

Morning

Afternoon

First

Second

Sample collected Hospitals

TASH,21

ESBLs positive 11 (52.4)

1 (9.1)

2 (18.2)

2 (18.2)

1 (9.1)

2 (18.2)

3 (27.3)

NC

4 (36.4)

7 (63.6)

11 (100)

NC

MDR yes 16 (31.2)

1 (6.3)

4 (25)

4 (25)

1 (6.3)

3 (18.8)

3 (18.8)

NC

8 (50)

8 (50)

16 (100)

NC

SPHMMC,32

ESBLs positive 15 (46.9)

2 (13.3)

3 (20)

2 (13.3)

4 (26.7)

NC

4 (26.7)

NC

7 (46.7)

8 (53.3)

4 (26.7)

11 (73.3)

MDR yes 22 (68.8)

4 (18.2)

3 (13.6)

4 (18.2)

5 (22.7)

NC

6 (27.3)

NC

11 (50)

11 (50)

9 (40.9)

13 (59.1)

ALERT,28

ESBLs positive 19 (67.9)

4 (21.1)

NC

6 (31.6)

1 (5.3)

4 (21.1)

NC

4 (21.1)

9 (47.7)

10 (52.6)

12 (63.2)

7 (36.8)

MDR yes 20 (71.4)

3 (15)

NC

6 (30)

1 (5)

4 (20)

NC

6 (30)

10 (50)

10 (50)

11 (55)

9 (45)

Y12HMC,34

ESBLs positive 16 (47.1)

4 (25)

2 (12.5)

1 (6.3)

0

3 (18.8)

6 (37.5)

NC

8 (50)

8 (50)

9 (56.3)

7 (43.8)

MDR yes 19 (55.9)

4 (21.1)

3 (15.8)

1 (5.3)

0

4 (21.1)

7 (36.8)

NC

8 (42.1)

11 (57.9)

9 (47.4)

10 (52.6)

MIIRH,32

ESBLs positive 10 (31.2)

3 (30)

0

2 (20)

4 (40)

1 (10)

0

NC

6 (60)

4 (40)

3 (30)

7 (70)

MDR yes 17 (53.1)

3 (17.6)

0

5 (29.4)

5 (29.4)

2 (11.8)

2 (11.8)

NC

8 (47.1)

9 (52.9)

7 (41.2)

10 (58.8)

Total, N = 147

ESBLs positive n = 71 (48.3%)

14 (19.7)

7 (9.9)

13 (18.3)

10 (14.1)

10 (14.1)

13 (18.3)

4 (5.6)

34 (47.9)

37 (52.1)

39 (54.9)

32 (45.1)

MDR yes n = 94 (64%)

15 (16)

10 (10.6)

20 (21.3)

12 (12.8)

13 (13.8)

18 (19.1)

6 (6.4)

45 (47.9)

49 (52.1)

52 (53.3)

42 (44.7)

  1. TASH = Tikur Ambesa Specialized Hospital, SPHHMMC = St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, ALERT = All African leprosy and tuberculosis rehabilitation training center, Y12HMC = Yekatit 12 hospital medical college, MIIRH = Menilik ΙΙ referral hospital, MDR TB Ward = multidrug resistant tuberculosis ward, NC = sample not collected
  2. In multivariate analysis using logistic regression, occurrences of ESBLs-pE in wastewater haven’t statistically significant association with hospitals, sampling units, round and time of wastewater collection