Characteristics | N | Total | Aparasitemic (MPS negative) | Non-SMA (Hb ≥ 5.0 g/dL) | SMA (Hb < 5.0 g/dL) | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of participants | 1654 | 335 | 1029 | 290 | ||
Sex [n, (%)] | ||||||
 Female | 1654 | 822 (49.70) | 168 (50.15) | 504 (48.98) | 150 (51.72) | 0.6991a |
 Male | 832 (50.30) | 167 (49.85) | 525 (51.02) | 140 (48.28) | ||
Study cohort [n, (%)] | ||||||
 One (1) | 1654 | 777 (46.98) | 209 (62.39) | 423 (41.11) | 145 (50.00) | 5.5311 × 10–11a |
 Two (2) | 877 (53.02) | 126 (37.61) | 606 (58.89) | 145 (50.00) | ||
 Age, months | 1651 | 13.85 (8.14) | 13.82 (8.67) | 14.20 (7.88) | 12.64 (8.34) | 0.0152b |
 Axillary temperature, °C | 1636 | 37.67 (1.06) | 37.27 (1.00) | 37.80 (1.09) | 37.69 (0.89) | 1.442 × 10–14a |
Hematological and parasitological parameters | ||||||
 Hemoglobin, g/dL | 1639 | 7.47 (2.51) | 9.40 (2.63) | 7.79 (1.82) | 4.13 (0.73) | NA |
 Hematocrit, % | 1609 | 24.34 (7.72) | 29.52 (80) | 25.40 (5.76) | 14.22 (3.88) | 1.4732 × 10–174b |
 White blood cells, × 103/µL | 1602 | 13.40 (6.98) | 13.06 (8.11) | 12.77 (5.52) | 16.16 (9.39) | 4.3233 × 10–12b |
 Mean corpuscular volume, fL | 1603 | 70.10 (9.30) | 69.87 (8.41) | 68.89 (8.48) | 74.90 (11.46) | 7.9395 × 10–21b |
 Parasite density, MPS/µL | 1644 | 55,716.67 (111,089.67) | 0.00 (0.00) | 72,983.96 (124,507.30) | 59,082.88 (103,946.74) | 2.9626 × 10–25b |
Endemic co-infections | ||||||
 HIV1, [n (%)] | ||||||
  Negative (0) | 1641 | 1573 (95.86) | 315 (96.04) | 990 (96.49) | 268 (93.38) | 0.0729c |
  Positive (1) | 68 (4.14) | 13 (3.96) | 36 (3.51) | 19 (6.62) | ||
 Bacteremia | ||||||
  Negative (0) | 1639 | 1518 (92.62) | 295 (90.77) | 960 (93.57) | 263 (91.32) | 0.1583a |
  Positive (1) | 121 (7.38) | 30 (9.23) | 66 (6.43) | 25 (8.68) | ||
Genetic variants | ||||||
 Sickle cell trait, n (%) | ||||||
  Hb AA | 1619 | 1358 (83.88) | 252 (78.26) | 848 (83.38) | 258 (92.14) | 1.9990 × 10–06d |
  Hb AS | 243 (15.01) | 60 (18.63) | 165 (16.22) | 18 (6.43) | ||
  Hb SS | 18 (1.11) | 10 (3.11) | 4 (0.39) | 4 (1.43) | ||
 α+-Thalassemia deletion, n (%) | ||||||
  αα/αα | 1405 | 596 (42.42) | 120 (43.96) | 375 (42.86) | 101 (39.30) | 0.0433a |
  -α3.7/αα | 526 (37.44) | 84 (30.77) | 335 (38.29) | 107 (41.63) | ||
  -α3.7/-α3.7 | 283 (20.14) | 69 (25.27) | 165 (18.86) | 49 (19.07) |