Table 4 Determinants of modern contraceptive use

Age

1.32^***

1.32^***

1.30^***

1.30^***

[1.23–1.41]

[1.23–1.41]

[1.23–1.39]

[1.22–1.39]

Age squared

0.96^***

0.96^***

0.96^***

0.96^***

[0.96–0.97]

[0.96–0.97]

[0.95–0.97]

[0.95–0.97]

Health insurance status

Uninsured

1

1

1

1

Insured

1.09

1.07

0.84^*

0.77^**

[0.89–1.35]

[0.87–1.32]

[0.73–0.97]

[0.64–0.92]

Marital status

Unmarried

1

1

1

1

In monogamous union

0.50^***

0.65^**

1.44^***

1.52^***

[0.38–0.66]

[0.47–0.90]

[1.20–1.73]

[1.20–1.92]

In polygamous union

0.48^**

0.56

1.24

1.38^*

[0.29–0.79]

[0.30–1.07]

[0.97–1.58]

[1.03–1.85]

HIV testing status

Not tested

1

1

1

1

Tested

1.19

1.20

1.42^***

1.37^**

[0.92–1.54]

[0.93–1.56]

[1.20–1.67]

[1.09–1.72]

Engaged in early sex (age < 17 years)

No

1

1

1

1

Yes

1.47^**

1.80^***

1.64^***

1.58^***

[1.13–1.91]

[1.30–2.51]

[1.40–1.91]

[1.31–1.89]

Wealth quintile (Richest)

Richest

1

1

1

1

Poorest

0.81

0.79

1.38

1.38

[0.46–1.43]

[0.45–1.39]

[0.96–1.97]

[0.96–1.98]

Poorer

0.97

0.92

1.20

1.20

[0.60–1.57]

[0.57–1.47]

[0.83–1.73]

[0.83–1.74]

Middle

1.17

1.03

1.23

1.24

[0.76–1.80]

[0.67–1.59]

[0.94–1.60]

[0.95–1.62]

Richer

0.96

0.87

1.01

1.01

[0.66–1.38]

[0.59–1.26]

[0.81–1.26]

[0.81–1.27]

Educational attainment

Tertiary

1

1

1

1

None

0.46^**

0.26^***

0.75

0.75

[0.28–0.77]

[0.13–0.50]

[0.49–1.14]

[0.49–1.14]

Basic

0.74

0.42^**

0.94

0.95

[0.48–1.14]

[0.24–0.74]

[0.63–1.40]

[0.64–1.41]

Secondary

0.73

0.52^**

0.91

0.92

[0.53–1.02]

[0.32–0.85]

[0.62–1.33]

[0.63–1.34]

Religious affiliation

Catholic

1

1

1

1

Charismatic

1.25

1.23

0.94

0.95

[0.78–2.03]

[0.76–2.00]

[0.62–1.43]

[0.63–1.45]

Other Christian

0.96

0.95

0.90

0.91

[0.64–1.46]

[0.62–1.45]

[0.61–1.33]

[0.61–1.34]

Islam

1.06

1.05

0.93

0.94

[0.69–1.65]

[0.67–1.64]

[0.64–1.35]

[0.65–1.35]

Traditional

0.92

0.87

0.77

0.79

[0.58–1.48]

[0.53–1.42]

[0.53–1.13]

[0.54–1.15]

None

0.89

0.86

0.54^*

0.53^*

[0.50–1.56]

[0.49–1.51]

[0.29–1.00]

[0.29–0.99]

Administrative region

Greater Accra

1

1

1

1

Western

0.72

0.70

1.23

1.22

[0.47–1.10]

[0.46–1.07]

[0.88–1.72]

[0.87–1.70]

Central

1.78^**

1.70^*

1.39

1.38

[1.17–2.71]

[1.14–2.55]

[1.00–1.94]

[0.99–1.93]

Volta

0.51^**

0.50^**

1.47^*

1.47^*

[0.32–0.84]

[0.31–0.82]

[1.02–2.13]

[1.01–2.12]

Eastern

0.71

0.71

1.03

1.02

[0.48–1.07]

[0.48–1.07]

[0.74–1.43]

[0.74–1.42]

Ashanti

0.63^*

0.62^*

0.93

0.93

[0.42–0.93]

[0.42–0.92]

[0.68–1.29]

[0.67–1.28]

Brong Ahafo

0.88

0.87

1.47^*

1.45^*

[0.56–1.38]

[0.56–1.37]

[1.06–2.03]

[1.04–2.01]

Northern

0.60

0.61

0.51^**

0.51^**

[0.33–1.08]

[0.34–1.10]

[0.34–0.77]

[0.34–0.77]

Upper East

1.32

1.40

1.08

1.07

[0.75–2.31]

[0.81–2.42]

[0.75–1.56]

[0.74–1.55]

Upper West

0.86

0.91

1.22

1.22

[0.51–1.43]

[0.55–1.52]

[0.82–1.82]

[0.82–1.81]

Place of residence

Rural

1

1

1

1

Urban

0.77

0.60

0.83

0.72

[0.56–1.05]

[0.34–1.06]

[0.66–1.03]

[0.51–1.02]

Insured#urban

1.22

[0.93–1.61]

Early sex#urban

0.69

1.10

[0.41–1.16]

[0.81–1.48]

Tested#urban

1.09

[0.77–1.53]

Marital status#urban

In monogamous union#urban

0.62^*

0.91

[0.39–0.98]

[0.66–1.23]

In polygamous union#urban

0.67

0.75

[0.25–1.85]

[0.46–1.20]

Education#urban

None#urban

3.67^**

[1.48–9.12]

Basic#urban

2.89^**

[1.31–6.39]

Secondary#urban

1.65

[0.89–3.05]