| |
[ALL]
|
Minor outcome
|
Severe outcome
|
OR [95% CI]
|
p
|
|---|
|
N = 392
|
N = 310
|
N = 82
|
|---|
|
Treated at formal facility
|
199 (50.8%)
|
152 (49.0%)
|
47 (57.3%)
|
1.39 [0.85; 2.29]
|
0.185
|
|
Treated by traditional healer
|
209 (53.3%)
|
146 (47.1%)
|
63 (76.8%)
|
3.69 [2.14; 6.63]
|
<0.001
|
|
Formal treatment only
|
127 (32.4%)
|
112 (36.1%)
|
15 (18.3%)
|
0.40 [0.21; 0.72]
|
0.002
|
|
Traditional healer only
|
137 (34.9%)
|
106 (34.2%)
|
31 (37.8%)
|
1.17 [0.70; 1.93]
|
0.542
|
|
Both formal and traditional
|
72 (18.4%)
|
40 (12.9%)
|
32 (39.0%)
|
4.30 [2.46; 7.51]
|
<0.001
|
|
Did not seek treatment
|
56 (14.3%)
|
52 (16.8%)
|
4 (4.88%)
|
0.26 [0.08; 0.67]
|
0.003
|
|
Length of time post-bite
|
|
Same day
|
153 (77.3%)
|
126 (83.4%)
|
27 (57.4%)
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
|
Following day
|
35 (17.7%)
|
20 (13.2%)
|
15 (31.9%)
|
3.47 [1.56; 7.70]
|
0.003
|
|
2–3 days after the bite
|
7 (3.54%)
|
4 (2.65%)
|
3 (6.38%)
|
3.50 [0.61; 17.7]
|
0.146
|
|
Within a week later
|
3 (1.52%)
|
1 (0.66%)
|
2 (4.26%)
|
8.61 [0.67; 277]
|
0.095
|
- Any bite which resulted in paralysis, permanent injury or death was considered to be a case of severe envenoming (“severe outcome”). Bite severity was also assessed for gender, age and reported snake species
