Open defecation practice and its determinants among households in sub-Saharan Africa: pooled prevalence and multilevel analysis of 33 sub-Saharan Africa countries demographic and health survey

Table 4 Subgroup analyses of open defecation among households in SSA

Subgroup	Categories	Number of countries	Prevalence	X²-heterogeneity	I-squared	p value
Region in SSA	Central Africa	6	21.92%	36,403.16	99.9%	< 0.001
	Western	13	31.10%	65,117.78	100.00%	< 0.001
	Eastern	11	12.02%	12,148.42	99.9%	< 0.001
	Southern	3	25.55%	9029.26	99.9%	< 0.001
Income status of the countries	Lower income	21	25.13%	1.1*10⁵	100.00%	< 0.001
	Lower middle income	8	16.94%	7851.62	99.9%	< 0.001
	Upper middle income	4	20.23%	12,046.93	99.9%	< 0.001
DHS released year	Released before and in 2015	15	31.03%	88,842.91	99.9%	< 0.001
DHS released year	Released after 2015	18	15.48%	38,883.39	100%	< 0.001
Total		33	22.55%	1.4*10⁵	99.9%	< 0.001

ISSN: 1349-4147