Table 3 Socio-demographic characteristics of the study households with open defecation and determinants among households in sub-Saharan Africa 2010–2020 DHS
Variables | Categories | Open defecation | Total weighted frequency (%) n = 452,281 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes (%) n = 101,318 (22.55) | No (%) n = 350,963 (77.45) | |||
Individual level factors | ||||
Age of household head (years) | 11–25 | 10,067 (24.53) | 30,970 (75.47) | 41,037 (9.07) |
26–40 | 37,403 (21.38) | 137,556 (78.62) | 174,959 (38.69) | |
41–60 | 26,799 (21.44) | 99,370 (78.76) | 126,169 (27.9) | |
 > 60 | 27,038 (24.56) | 83,042 (75.44) | 110,081 (24.34) | |
Sex of household head | Male | 74,456 (22.68) | 253,814 (77.32) | 328,270 (72.58) |
Female | 26,862 (21.66) | 97,149 (78.34) | 124,011 (27.42) | |
Educational attainment of household head | No education | 56,653 (38.17) | 91,768 (61.83) | 148,421 (32.85) |
Primary education | 27,735 (19.47) | 114,720 (80.53) | 142,455 (31.53) | |
Secondary and above | 16,794 (10.43) | 144,193 (89.57) | 160,987 (35.63) | |
Marital status of head of household | Married | 72,415 (24.49) | 223,269 (75.51) | 295,684 (65.38) |
Not married | 28,904 (18.46) | 127,693 (81.54) | 156,597 (34.62) | |
House hold family size | 1–3 | 33,797 (20.74) | 129,132 (79.26) | 162,929 (36.02) |
4–6 | 40,857 (22.47) | 140,972 (77.53) | 181,830 (40.20) | |
7 and above | 26,663 (24.8) | 80,858 (75.2) | 107,522 (23.77) | |
Media exposure | No | 58,231 (32.95) | 118,481 (67.05) | 176,712 (39.08) |
Yes | 43,062 (15.63) | 232,403 (84.37) | 275,465 (60.92) | |
Wealth index | Poor | 71,472 (40.30) | 105,900 (59.70) | 177,372 (39.22) |
Middle | 19,007 (21.32) | 70,131 (78.68) | 89,138 (19.71) | |
Rich | 10,839 (5.83) | 174,932 (94.17) | 185,771 (41.07) | |
Access to drinking water | Basic | 45,197 (16.42) | 230,026 (83.58) | 275,224 (60.86) |
Limited | 56,080 (31.69) | 120,912 (68.31) | 176,993 (39.14) | |
Community-level variables | ||||
Residence | Urban | 12,697 (7.29) | 161,541 (92.71) | 174,239 (38.52) |
Rural | 88,621 (31.87) | 189,421 (68.13) | 278,042 (61.48) | |
Region in SSA | Central Africa | 21,557 (25.48) | 63,052 (74.52) | 84,610 (19.76) |
East Africa | 19,316 (11.88) | 143,269 (88.12) | 162,585(37.97) | |
West Africa | 52,059 (34.54) | 98,657 (65.46) | 150,716 (35.19) | |
Southern Africa | 7371 (24.30) | 22,963 (75.70) | 30,334 (7.08) | |
Country income level | Lower income | 66,242 (27.89) | 171,254 (72.11) | 237,496 (55.46) |
Lower middle | 24,184 (16.8) | 119,769 (83.2) | 143,953 (33.61) | |
Upper middle | 9878 (21.11) | 36,917 (78.89) | 46,796 (10.93) | |
Survey year | 2010–2014 | 53,271 (32.59) | 110,172 (67.41) | 163,443 (36.14) |
2015–2020 | 48,047 (16.63) | 240,791 (83.37) | 288,838 (63.86) | |