From: Insights into transmission dynamics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in Nepal
Year | Location (Nepal) | Sample type | Sample size | Animal species | Necropsy | Phenotypic | Genotyping tools | Mycobacterium Spp. | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2007–2010 | Chitwan National Park, Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve | Lung tissues | 3 | Asian Elephant | Granulomatous nodules in the lungs and bronchial lymph nodes with caseous foci | Culture in L-J, Phenotypic drug susceptibility testing | Multiplex PCR, Spoligotyping, MLVA, SNP analysis, Drug resistance gene sequencing | M. tuberculosis | Paudel et al. [7] |
2014 | Captive Wild animal facility | Lung and extra pulmonary granulomatous lesions | 2 | Deer and Blue bull | No details | Microscopy Culture DNA extraction | Spoligotyping MIRU-VNTR MLST | M. orygis | Thapa et al. [8] |
2015 | Chitwan National Park | Lung tissues | 1 | Greater-one-horned rhinoceros | Several granulomatous lesion observed in lungs with encapsulated and contained caseous necrotic material | Culture in L-J, Phenotypic drug susceptibility testing | Spoligotyping, MIRU-VNTR, Multiplex PCR, Region of difference MLST | M. orygis | Thapa et al. [9] |
2013 | Chitwan National Park | Lung Tissues | 2 | Asian elephant | Tuberculous lesions in lungs | Culture in L-J, Phenotypic drug susceptibility testing | Spoligotyping, LSP, Drug resistance gene sequencing | M. tuberculosis mixed infection Indo-Oceanic, East African– Indian (CAS-Delhi) lineages; Indo-Oceanic and East Asian (Beijing) lineages | Paudel et al. [10] |