Table 3 Vital signs and laboratory investigations among patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and their association with the final outcome
Variables | n | Number (%) or median (IQR) | Univariate logistic regression for predictors of in-hospital death | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | Lower CI | Upper CI | P-value | |||
Vital signs | ||||||
Heart rate, beat/min | 189 | 90 (81–103) | 1.052 | 1.030 | 1.076 | < 0.001 |
Systolic BPa, mmHg | 196 | 131 (118.3–145) | 0.985 | 0.969 | 1.001 | 0.067 |
Normal | 59 (30.1) | |||||
Hypertension | 129 (65.8) | |||||
Hypertensive crisis | 8 (4.1) | |||||
Diastolic BPa, mmHg | 196 | 80 (70.25–90) | 1.001 | 0.999 | 1.002 | 0.47 |
Normal | 85 (43.4) | |||||
Hypertension | 106 (54.1) | |||||
Hypertensive crisis | 5 (2.6) | |||||
Respiratory rate, breath/min | 116 | 24 (20–36) | 1.061 | 1.022 | 1.103 | 0.002 |
Temperature, centigrade | 93 | 37 (36.5–37.8) | 0.956 | 0.776 | 1.178 | 0.674 |
SpO2a, percentage | 182 | 95 (89–98) | 0.903 | 0.866 | 0.942 | < 0.001 |
Laboratory Investigation | ||||||
Red blood cells counts, million/mm3 | 128 | 4.3 (3.6–4.9) | 0.566 | 0.345 | 0.928 | 0.024 |
Hemoglobin, g/dL | 161 | 11.9 (10.1–13.6) | 0.765 | 0.651 | 0.899 | 0.001 |
Hematocrit, percentage | 129 | 36 (31–41) | 0.894 | 0.836 | 0.956 | 0.001 |
WBCs countsa, × 103/μL | 164 | 7.3 (5,2–12.1) | 1.144 | 1.074 | 1.218 | < 0.001 |
Leukopenia | 164 | 15 (9.1) | ||||
Normal | 102 (62.2) | |||||
Leukocytosis | 47 (28.7) | |||||
Monocyte, × 103/μL | 103 | 0.5 (0.4–0.8) | 1.624 | 0.854 | 3.087 | 0.139 |
Lymphocyte, × 103/μL | 145 | 1.3 (0.8–2.0) | 1.014 | 0.776 | 1.326 | 0.919 |
Lymphopenia | 145 | 85 (58.6) | ||||
Normal | 59 (40.7) | |||||
Lymphocytosis | 1 (0.7) | |||||
Neutrophils, × 103/μL | 168 | 5.25 (3.19–9.8) | 1.125 | 1.049 | 1.205 | 0.001 |
Neutropenia | 168 | 11 (8.0) | ||||
Normal | 79 (57.2) | |||||
Neutrophilia | 48 (34.8) | |||||
Platelets, × 109/L | 87 | 247.5 (187.5–342.3) | 0.997 | 0.994 | 1.001 | 0.101 |
CRP, mg/dla | 112 | 62 (18.1–143.8) | 1.006 | 1.002 | 1.010 | 0.003 |
Normal CRP level | 14 (12.5) | |||||
High CRP level | 98 (87.5) | |||||
ESR, mm/hour | 64 | 40 (15–68) | 1.018 | 0.998 | 1.039 | 0.078 |
Ferritin, ng/ml | 22 | 651.9 (470.4–1472.8) | 1 | 0.999 | 1.001 | 0.658 |
Normal Ferritin level | 1 (4.5) | |||||
High Ferritin level | 21 (95.5) | |||||
Lactate dehydrogenase, unit/liter | 19 | 409.0 (359–760) | 1 | 0.998 | 1.001 | 0.688 |
Random blood sugar, mg/dL | 112 | 141 (102.5–261.8) | 1.004 | 1.001 | 1.008 | 0.024 |
Sodium, mmol/L | 144 | 135 (130–139) | 1.04 | 0.994 | 1.088 | 0.086 |
Potassium, mmol/L | 146 | 3.8 (3.5–4.3) | 1.742 | 1.093 | 2.777 | 0.020 |
Blood Urea nitrogen, mg/dL | 149 | 30 (17–50.5) | 1.010 | 1.004 | 1.018 | 0.003 |
Creatinine, mg/dL | 151 | 1 (0.7–2.2) | 1.003 | 0.992 | 1.014 | 0.585 |
Alanine aminotransferase, unit /liter | 78 | 26 (19–43.7) | 1.014 | 1.002 | 1.025 | 0.022 |
Aspartate aminotransferase, unit /liter | 73 | 28 (17–56.7) | 1.018 | 1.002 | 1.035 | 0.024 |
Alkaline phosphatase, unit /liter | 70 | 96 (63.5–119) | 1.001 | 0.998 | 1.003 | 0.55 |
Total bilirubin, mg/dl | 55 | 0.6 (0.3–0.9) | 3.426 | 1.087 | 10.803 | 0.036 |
Albumin, g/dl | 88 | 3.5 (2.9–4.2) | 1.016 | 0.985 | 1.048 | 0.312 |
Low Albumin level | 44 (50.0) | |||||
Normal Albumin level | 41 (46.6) | |||||
High Albumin level | 3 (3.4) | |||||
D-dimer | 26 | 3.3 (1.2–16. 6) | 0.939 | 0.804 | 1.097 | 0.429 |