Table 2 Clinical manifestations: symptoms, hospital disposition, complications and severity of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and their association with the final outcome
Variables | n | Number (%) or median (IQR) | Univariate logistic regression for predictors of in-hospital death | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | Lower CI | Upper CI | P-value | |||
Duration from the onset of symptom to hospital admission, days | 169 | 5 (3–10) | 1.002 | 0.939 | 1.07 | 0.943 |
7 days and less | 114 (67.5) | |||||
8–14 days | 44 (26.0) | |||||
15–30 days | 11 (6.5) | |||||
More than 30 days | 0 (0.0) | |||||
Site of disposition at admission | 193 | |||||
Ward deposition (reference) | 140 (72.5) | – | – | – | – | |
HDU depositiona | 50 (25.9) | 5.231 | 2.538 | 10.781 | < 0.001 | |
ICU depositiona | 3 (1.6) | 2.833 | 0.246 | 32.666 | 0.404 | |
Manifestations | ||||||
Pulmonary manifestations | 198 | |||||
Cough | 140 (70.7) | 0.627 | 0.308 | 1.279 | 0.2 | |
Shortness of breath | 137 (69.2) | 3.392 | 1.347 | 8.538 | 0.010 | |
Hemoptysis | 5 (2.5) | 0.899 | 0.098 | 8.258 | 0.925 | |
Chest pain | 12 (6.1) | – | – | – | 0.999 | |
Sore throat | 32 (16.2) | 0.326 | 0.094 | 1.127 | 0.077 | |
Congestion/runny nose | 9 (4.5) | – | – | – | 0.999 | |
General manifestations | 173 | |||||
Fever | 144 (83.2) | 1.263 | 0.445 | 3.588 | 0.661 | |
Fatigue | 58 (33.5) | 0.887 | 0.4 | 1.967 | 0.796 | |
Headache | 40 (23.1) | 0.159 | 0.036 | 0.697 | 0.015 | |
Body aches | 17 (9.8) | 1.241 | 0.378 | 4.069 | 0.722 | |
Loss of smell | 4 (2.3) | – | – | – | 0.999 | |
Loss of taste | 1 (0.6) | – | – | – | 1 | |
Neurological manifestations | 23 | |||||
Disturbed level of consciousness | 21 (91.3) | – | – | – | 0.999 | |
Hemiparesis | 4 (17.4) | 1.111 | 0.129 | 9.605 | 0.924 | |
Aphasia | 3 (13.0) | 2.444 | 0.19 | 31.526 | 0.493 | |
Hemi sensory deficit | 0 (0.0) | – | – | – | – | |
Visual loss | 0 (0.0) | – | – | – | – | |
Gastrointestinal manifestations | 42 | |||||
Nausea/vomiting | 15 (35.7) | 2.933 | 0.711 | 12.108 | 0.137 | |
Diarrhea | 18 (42.9) | 1.154 | 0.289 | 4.608 | 0.839 | |
Abdominal pain | 13 (30.9) | 0.788 | 0.171 | 3.621 | 0.759 | |
Loss of appetite | 8 (19.0) | 0.343 | 0.037 | 3.161 | 0.345 | |
Vascular manifestation | 3 | |||||
DVTa | 2 (66.7) | – | – | – | 1 | |
Coronary artery disease | 1 (33.3) | – | – | – | 1 | |
Bowel ischemia | 0 (0.0) | – | – | – | – | |
Limb ischemia | 0 (0.0) | – | – | – | – | |
In-hospital complications (yes) | 243 | 70 (28.8) | ||||
Sepsis | 24 (9.8) | 15.074 | 5.751 | 39.511 | < 0.001 | |
Acidosis | 19 (7.8) | 32.711 | 8.986 | 119.081 | < 0.001 | |
Respiratory failure | 17 (6.9) | 44.758 | 9.753 | 205.392 | < 0.001 | |
Acute kidney injury | 15 (6.2) | 21.647 | 5.800 | 80.791 | < 0.001 | |
Acute respiratory distress syndrome | 12 (4.9) | 6.533 | 1.971 | 21.661 | 0.002 | |
Hyponatremia | 10 (4.1) | 0.44 | 0.054 | 3.559 | 0.441 | |
Alkalosis | 8 (3.3) | 7.480 | 1.718 | 32.558 | 0.007 | |
Hypokalemia | 8 (3.3) | 1.371 | 0.268 | 7.026 | 0.705 | |
Shock | 6 (2.5) | – | – | – | 0.999 | |
Hyperkalemia | 5 (2.1) | – | – | – | 0.999 | |
Acute cardiac injury | 4 (1.6) | 4.205 | 0.576 | 30.677 | 0.157 | |
Heart failure | 2 (0.8 | – | 0 | 0.999 | ||
GIT bleedinga | 2 (0.8) | 0 | 0.999 | |||
Hypernatremia | 1 (0.4) | – | – | – | 1 | |
Acute liver injury | 0 (0.0) | – | – | – | – | |
Disseminated intravascular coagulation | 0 (0.0) | – | – | – | – | |
Severity of the disease | 116 | |||||
Mild (reference) | 45 (38.8) | – | – | – | – | |
Moderate | 29 (25.0) | 3.259 | 0.282 | 37.687 | 0.344 | |
Severe | 27 (23.3) | 40.857 | 4.899 | 340.728 | 0.001 | |
Critically ill | 15 (12.9) | 286.000 | 23.977 | 3411.477 | < 0.001 | |