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Table 4 Univariate and multivariate analyses of potential risk factors for malaria and curable STI/RTI coinfection among first ANC attendees (n = 402) in the Yako health district, rural Burkina Faso

From: Malaria and curable sexually transmitted and reproductive tract coinfection among pregnant women in rural Burkina Faso

Characteristics

n (%)

1Positive n (%)

OR [95% CI]

aOR [95% CI]

Age group (in years)

 ≤ 20

98

20 (20.4)

**2.6 [1.2–6.4]

 21–25

121

14 (11.6)

1.3 [0.6–3.3]

 26–30

75

6 (8.0)

0.9 [0.3–2.6]

 > 30

101

9 (8.9)

Ref

Marital status

 Single

19

2 (10.5)

Ref

 Married

377

47 (12.5)

1.2 [0.3–7.8]

Level of education

 With formal education

234

31 (13.2)

1.22 [0.7–2.3]

 Without formal education

162

18 (11.1)

Ref

Occupation

 Employed/self employed

87

6 (6.9)

Ref

Ref

 Unemployed

217

29 (13.4)

2.1 [0.9–5.7]

*2.2 [0.9–6.0]

 Students

91

14 (15.4)

*2.4 [0.9–7.2]

1.6 [0.6–4.9]

Alcohol use

 Yes

71

6 (8.5)

0.6 [0.2–1.4]

 No

325

43 (13.2)

Ref

ITN use

 Yes

307

37 (12.1)

Ref

 No

89

12 (13.5)

1.1 [0.5–2.2]

Gravidity

 Primigravidae (1)

121

23 (19.0)

**2.2 [1.2–4.1]

**2.4[1.2–4.7]

 Multigravida (≥ 2)

275

26 (9.5)

Ref

Ref

Condom at last sex

 Yes

19

2 (10.5)

Ref

 No

372

46 (12.4)

1.2 [0.3–7.7]

Age at first sex (in years)

 < 20

271

36 (13.3)

1.3 [0.7–2.7]

 ≥ 20

125

13 (10.4)

Ref

Body mass index (kg/m2)

 Normal (≥ 18.5 & < 25)

284

34 (12.0)

Ref

 Abnormal (< 18.5 or ≥ 25)

15

1 (6.7)

0.5 [0.1–2.7]

At least one clinical symptom

 No

359

45 (12.5)

Ref

 

 Yes

37

4 (10.8)

0.8 [0.2–2.2]

Hemoglobin level (g/dL)

 ≥ 11

123

10 (8.1)

Ref

Ref

 < 11

216

33 (15.3)

*2.0 [1.0–4.5]

*1.8 [0.8–4.1]

  1. *p value < 0.1, **p value < 0.05, 1malaria and at least one STI/RTI coinfection
  2. CI confidence interval, STI/RTI sexually transmitted infection/reproductive tract infection, OR odds-ratio, aOR adjusted odds-ratio, ITN long lasting insecticide treated bed net, g /dL gram per deciliter, ANC antenatal care
  3. *Missing values were not included in calculations, but only presented as number
  4. 1Variable gravidity, occupation, and anemia were included in the multivariate logistic regression model