Table 1 All the studies investigating the global prevalence of microsporidia species in sheep and goats according to molecular methods
First author/continent/countries | Publication year | Sample type | Diagnostic method | Gene | Animal | Sample size (n) | Infected by microsporidia (n) | E. bieneusi (n) | Enterocytozoon bieneusi (genotypes (n; number)) | QA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
America | ||||||||||
Brazil | ||||||||||
da Silva Fiuza et al. [33] | 2016 | Fecal | Nested-PCR | ITS | Sheep | 125 | 24 | 24 | BEB6 (11), BEB7 (8), I (2),BEB18 (1), BEB19 (1), and LW1 (1) | 10 |
Asia | ||||||||||
China | ||||||||||
Ye et al. [27] | 2015 | Fecal | Nested-PCR | ITS | Sheep | 375 | 260 | 260 | BEB6(237), and CM7(23) | 10 |
Zhang et al. [48] | 2020 | Fecal | Nested-PCR | ITS | Goat | 300 | 89 | 89 | Unknown | 8 |
Zhang et al. [48] | 2020 | Fecal | Nested-PCR | ITS | Sheep | 360 | 148 | 148 | Unknown | 8 |
Qi et al. [28] | 2019 | Fecal | Nested-PCR | ITS | Sheep | 318 | 20 | 20 | BEB6 (12), CHG1 (1), CHG3 (1), CHS3 (1), CHS8 (1), COS-I (2), XJS1 (1), and XJS2(1) | 9 |
Chang et al. [31] | 2019 | Fecal | Nested-PCR | ITS and SSU rRNA | Sheep | 620 | 93 | 93 | BEB6 (6), CHC8 (68), CHG1 (1), CHG19 (7), H (2), I (1), CTS1 (1), CTS2 (2), PigEBITS5 (3), and CTS3 (1) | 10 |
Chang et al. [31] | 2019 | Fecal | Nested-PCR | ITS and SSU rRNA | Goat | 260 | 25 | 25 | EbpA (15) and EbpC (16) | 10 |
Chen et al. [32] | 2018 | Fecal | Nested-PCR | ITS | Sheep | 325 | 40 | 40 | BEB6 (24), COS I (2), COS II (1), CHG1 (1), and YSM1 (1) | 8 |
Chen et al. [32] | 2018 | Fecal | Nested-PCR | ITS | Goat | 336 | 30 | 30 | BEB6 (10), COS I(4), SX1 (3), CM21 (2), CHG3 (2), PigEb4 (1), CHS5 (1), EbpC (1), and YNS1 (1) | 8 |
Li et al. [35] | 2019 | Fecal | Nested-PCR | ITS | Sheep | 832 | 28 | 28 | COS-I (6), OEB1 (3), BEB6 (9), CHC8 (3), AHS1 (4), AHS2 (2), and JSS1 (1) | 9 |
Li et al. [35] | 2019 | Fecal | Nested-PCR | ITS | Goat | 781 | 32 | 32 | CHG1 (12), CHG3 (15), AHG1 (1), AHG2 (2), BEB6 (1), and COS-II (1) | 9 |
Zhou et al. [37] | 2019 | Fecal | Nested-PCR | ITS | Goat | 341 | 82 | 82 | CHG5 (47), CHG3 (23), CHG2 (4), CM21 (3), D (2), AHG1 (1), HNG-I (1), and HNG-II (1) | 10 |
Peng et al. [38] | 2016 | Fecal | Nested-PCR | ITS and SSU rRNA | Goat | 629 | 179 | 179 | BEB6 (51), CHS7 (14), CHG1 (42), CHG2 (2), SX1 (56), and COSI (14) | 9 |
Peng et al. [39] | 2019 | Fecal | Nested-PCR | ITS | Sheep | 1014 | 124 | 124 | BEB6 (111), COS-I (3), CHG13 (3), NX1 (1), NX2 (1), NX3 (1), NX4 (1), NX5 (1), NX6 (1), NX7 (1) | 10 |
Li et al. [40] | 2014 | Fecal | Nested-PCR | ITS | Sheep | 45 | 2 | 2 | BEB6 (2) | 9 |
Yang et al. [42] | 2018 | Fecal | Nested-PCR | ITS | Sheep | 953 | 194 | 194 | BEB6 (129), CHS8 (32), CHG1 (14), CHG3 (5), CHS7 (3), COS-I (3), CHHLJS1 (3), CHHLJS2 (2), CHNXS1 (1), CHXJS1 (1), and NESH5 (1) | 10 |
Shi et al. [16] | 2016 | Fecal | Nested-PCR | ITS | Goat | 611 | 176 | 176 | BEB6(41), D(3), E(8), F(4), KIN-1(2), J(1), CHG1(19), CHG2(6), CHG3(17), CD6(9), CHG5(7), CHG6(1),CHG7(1), CHG8(1), CHG9(1), CHG10(1), CHG11(1), CHG12(1), CHG13(1), CHG14(1), COS-I(2), CHG16(2), CHG17(1), CHG18(1), CHG19(1), CHG20(1), CHG21(1), CHG22(1), CHG23(1), CHG24(1), and CHG25(1) | 9 |
Shi et al. [16] | 2016 | Fecal | Nested-PCR | ITS | Sheep | 414 | 177 | 177 | BEB6(60), COS-I(14), CHG3(5), CM4(1), CHS3(2), CHS4 (1), CHS5 (1), CHS6 (1), CHS7 (1), CHS8 (1), CHS9(1)CHS10 (1), CHS11(1), and CHS12 (1) | 9 |
Wu et al. [43] | 2018 | Fecal | Nested-PCR | ITS and SSU rRNA | Sheep | 177 | 61 | 61 | CM7 (30), BEB6 (14), CHS3 (2), CM7 (4), BEB6 (8), and CGS1(3) | 10 |
Zhang et al. [44] | 2018 | Fecal | Nested-PCR | ITS | Sheep | 312 | 73 | 73 | BEB6 (31), COS-I (25), NESH5 (11), CHS17 (2), CHS13 (1), CHS14 (1), CHS15 (1), and CHS16 (1) | 10 |
Zhang et al. [45] | 2019 | Fecal | Nested-PCR | ITS and SSU rRNA | Sheep | 78 | 7 | 7 | CHS8 (3) and COS I (4) | 9 |
Zhang et al. [45] | 2019 | Fecal | Nested-PCR | ITS and SSU rRNA | Goat | 59 | 11 | 11 | CHG2 (9) and CHG3 (2) | 9 |
Zhao et al. [46] | 2015 | Fecal | Nested-PCR | ITS | Goat | 55 | 12 | 12 | Peru6 (3), BeB6 (3), D (2), EbpC (2), EbpA (1), and COG-I (1) | 9 |
Zhao et al. [46] | 2015 | Fecal | Nested-PCR | ITS | Sheep | 138 | 31 | 31 | BeB6 (12), Peru6 (5), D (4), O (3), and COS-I to COS-VII (one each) | 9 |
Jiang et al. [47] | 2015 | Fecal | Nested-PCR | ITS | Sheep | 489 | 68 | 68 | BEB6 (28), CM7 (3), CS-4 (4), NESH1 to NESH3 (1 each), NESH5 (1), OEB1(3), BEB6/CM7a (5), BEB6/NESH4a (3), BEB6/NESH6a (1), BEB6/OEB1a (5), and CS-4/EbpCa (1) | 9 |
Africa | ||||||||||
Egypt | ||||||||||
*Abu-Akkada et al. [30] | 2015 | Urine | PCR | SSUrRNA | Goat | 40 | 0 | 8 | ||
**Al-herrawy and Gad [34] | 2016 | Fecal | PCR | SSU-rRNA | Goat | 83 | 15 | 11 | 8 | |
Al-herrawy and Gad [34] | 2016 | Fecal | PCR | SSU-rRNA | Sheep | 89 | 6 | 6 | 8 | |
Asia | ||||||||||
Iran | ||||||||||
Askari et al. [36] | 2015 | Fecal | Nested-PCR | SSU-rRNA | Sheep | 30 | 3 | 3 | 9 | |
Thailand | ||||||||||
Udonsom et al. [41] | 2019 | Fecal | Nested-PCR | ITS and SSU rRNA | Goat | 73 | 14 | 14 | GoatAYE1(4), H (PEbC) (1), SX1(1),CHC8(4),and CHG3(4) | 9 |
Europe | ||||||||||
Slovakia | ||||||||||
Valencakova and Danisova [25] | 2019 | Fecal | Real-time SYBR green- PCR | ITS, SSUrRNA | Sheep | 33 | 0 | 0 | 8 | |
Valencakova and Danisova [25] | 2019 | Fecal | Real-time SYBR green-PCR | ITS, SSUrRNA | Goat | 20 | 0 | 0 | 8 | |
Spain | ||||||||||
Lores et al. [29] | 2002 | Fecal | PCR | SSUrRNA | Goat | 7 | 1 | 1 | 9 | |
Sweden | ||||||||||
Stensvold et al. [26] | 2014 | Fecal | Nested-PCR | ITS | Sheep | 109 | 49 | 49 | BEB6 (32), OEB1 (6), OEB2 (2), BEB6 + OEB1 (4), BEB6 + OEB2 (4), and ND (1) | 9 |