Variables | Model I cOR [95% CI) | P-value | Model II aOR [95% CI) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age in years | ||||
 15–19 | Ref |  | Ref |  |
 20–24 | 1.55 (1.17–2.05) | 0.002 | 1.27 (0.91–1.78) | 0.147 |
 25–29 | 2.09 (1.59–2.74) | p<0.001 | 1.57 (1.13–2.18) | 0.007 |
 30–34 | 1.99 (1.48–2.67) | p<0.001 | 1.58 (1.10–2.28) | 0.013 |
 35–39 | 1.91 (1.42–2.57) | p<0.001 | 1.93 (1.32–2.84) | 0.001 |
 40–44 | 1.84 (1.26–2.70) | 0.002 | 1.92 (1.25–2.95) | 0.003 |
 45–49 | 0.97 (0.59–1.60) | 0.914 | 1.15 (0.63–2.11) | 0.630 |
Women’s educational status | ||||
 No formal education | Ref |  | Ref |  |
 Primary school | 2.24 (1.84–2.73) | p<0.001 | 1.03 (0.81–1.30) | 0.791 |
 Secondary school | 5.21 (4.15–6.54) | p<0.001 | 1.04 (0.77–1.39) | 0.786 |
 Higher | 7.89 (4.73–13.16) | p<0.001 | 1.00 (0.53–1.88) | 0.992 |
Husband’s educational status | ||||
 No formal education | Ref |  | Ref |  |
 Primary school | 1.16 (0.91–1.47) | 0.214 | 1.10 (0.86–1.40) | 0.435 |
 Secondary school | 3.40 (2.76–4.17) | p<0.001 | 1.40 (1.11–1.77) | 0.004 |
 Higher | 6.02 (4.13–8.79) | p<0.001 | 1.28 (0.86–1.91) | 0.214 |
Women’s occupation | ||||
 Not working | Ref |  | Ref |  |
 Professional/technical/managerial | 1.44 (0.94–2.20) | 0.085 | 0.86 (0.53–1.40) | 0.554 |
 Agricultural | 0.26 (0.21–0.33) | p<0.001 | 0.85 (0.67–1.07) | 0.181 |
 Manual | 1.08 (0.72–1.62) | 0.695 | 0.86 (0.54–1.36) | 0.521 |
 Others | 1.27 (1.03–1.57) | 0.024 | 0.99 (0.78–1.25) | 0.978 |
Wealth index | ||||
 Poorest | Ref |  | Ref |  |
 Poorer | 2.02 (1.54–2.65) | p<0.001 | 1.32 (0.97–1.80) | 0.071 |
 Middle | 5.22 (3.87–7.04) | p<0.001 | 1.77 (1.24–2.51) | 0.001 |
 Richer | 9.73 (7.11–13.31) | p<0.001 | 2.39 (1.55–3.69) | p<0.001 |
 Richest | 14.90 (10.40–21.35) | p<0.001 | 3.12 (1.95–4.99) | p<0.001 |
Media exposure | ||||
 No | Ref |  | Ref |  |
 Yes | 4.77 (3.96–5.76) | p<0.001 | 1.46 (1.18–1.80) | p<0.001 |
Family size | ||||
 <5 | Ref |  | Ref |  |
 5+ | 1.28 (1.09–1.49) | 0.002 | 1.13 (0.93–1.39) | 0.197 |
Place of residence | ||||
 Urban | Ref |  | Ref |  |
 Rural | 0.20 (0.16–0.26) | p<0.001 | 0.98 (0.74–1.30) | 0.935 |
Barriers to healthcare services | ||||
 No | Ref |  | Ref |  |
 Yes | 0.60 (0.50–0.72) | p<0.001 | 0.87 (0.72–1.07) | 0.200 |
Religion | ||||
 Christian | Ref |  | Ref |  |
 Muslim | 1.08 (0.29–3.98) | 0.897 | 1.73 (0.23–12.94) | 0.592 |
 Others | 0.51 (0.35–0.74) | p<0.001 | 1.04 (0.71–1.51) | 0.824 |
ANC follow-up | ||||
 No | Ref |  | - | - |
 Yes | 39.74 (26.60–59.37) | p<0.001 | - | - |
Timing of ANC visit | ||||
 >3 months | Ref |  | Ref |  |
≤3 months | 1.57 (1.32–1.86) | p<0.001 | 1.09 (0.91–1.31) | 0.303 |
Number of ANC visit | ||||
 <4 month | Ref |  | Ref |  |
 ≥4 month | 2.30 (1.92–2.76) | p<0.001 | 1.51 (1.24–1.83) | p<0.001 |
Wanted last birth | ||||
 Wanted then | Ref |  | Ref |  |
 Wanted later | 1.27 (1.08–1.51) | 0.004 | 1.01 (0.83–1.22) | 0.901 |
 Wanted no more | 1.20 (0.87–1.64) | 0.249 | 1.06 (0.75–1.48) | 0.731 |
Wife beating attitude | ||||
 Agreed for wife beating | Ref |  | Ref |  |
 Disagreed for wife beating | 1.77 (1.49–2.11) | p<0.001 | 1.19 (0.99–1.43) | 0.056 |
Decision-making capacity | ||||
 No | Ref |  | Ref |  |
 Yes | 1.27 (1.07–1.52) | 0.007 | 1.10 (0.90–1.35) | 0.340 |