Characteristics | All cases (n = 367) | Died (n = 60) | Discharged (n = 307) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | ||||
Mean (SD) | 51 (18) | 59 (20) | 49 (17) | < 0.001 |
Median (IQR) | 53 (38–64) | 65 (41–75) | 51 (37–62) | |
Age group (years) | ||||
0–10 years old | 7 (1.9) | 0 | 7 (100.0) | < 0.001 |
11–20 years old | 9 (2.4) | 2 (22.2) | 7 (77.8) | |
21–40 years old | 91 (24.8) | 11 (12.1) | 80 (87.9) | |
41–60 years old | 137 (37.3) | 14 (10.2) | 123 (89.8) | |
61–80 years old | 107 (29.2) | 24 (22.4) | 83 (77.6) | |
80+ years old | 16 (4.4) | 9 (56.2) | 7 (43.8) | |
Sex | ||||
Female | 158 (43.0) | 17 (10.8) | 141 (89.2) | 0.015 |
Male | 209 (57.0) | 43 (20.6) | 166 (79.4) | |
Nationality | ||||
Filipino | 365 (99.5) | 59 (16.6) | 306 (83.8) | 0.197 |
Chinese | 2 (0.5) | 1 (50.0) | 1 (50.0) | |
Exposure history | ||||
International travel history within 14 days prior to admission | 9 (2.5) | 2 (22.2) | 7 (77.8) | 0.247 |
Exposed to a confirmed case | 11 (3.0) | 0 | 11 (100.0) | |
Risk of exposure in workplace | 9 (2.5) | 0 | 9 (100.0) | |
No identified exposure | 338 (92.0) | 58 (17.2) | 280 (82.8) | |
Reported symptoms | ||||
Fever | 227 (61.8) | 39 (17.2) | 188 (82.8) | 0.583 |
Cough | 301 (82.0) | 53 (17.6) | 248 (82.4) | 0.200 |
Colds | 91 (84.8) | 9 (9.9) | 82 (90.1) | 0.071 |
Difficulty of breathing | 167 (45.5) | 48 (28.7) | 119 (71.3) | < 0.001 |
Headache | 18 (4.9) | 2 (11.1) | 16 (88.9) | 0.749 |
Malaise/fatigue | 39 (10.6) | 3 (7.7) | 36 (92.3) | 0.168 |
Diarrhoea | 29 (7.9) | 1 (3.5) | 28 (96.5) | 0.050 |
Anosmia | 31 (8.4) | 1 (3.2) | 30 (96.7) | 0.041 |
Ageusia | 27 (7.4) | 1 (3.7) | 26 (96.3) | 0.065 |
Loss of appetite | 23 (6.3) | 5 (21.7) | 18 (78.3) | 0.558 |
Co-morbidities | ||||
Hypertension | 140 (38.1) | 22 (15.7) | 118 (84.3) | 0.796 |
Diabetes | 74 (20.2) | 14 (18.9) | 60 (81.1) | 0.486 |
Bronchial asthma | 15 (4.1) | 0 | 15 (100.0) | 0.145 |
HIV | 6 (1.6) | 4 (66.7) | 2 (33.3) | 0.008 |
Cardiac disease | 17 (4.6) | 3 (17.6) | 14 (82.3) | 0.747 |
Tuberculosis (any form) | 37 (10.1) | 10 (27.0) | 27 (73.0) | 0.097 |
At least one underlying disease | 205 (55.8) | 36 (17.6) | 169 (82.4) | 0.480 |
Clinical status | ||||
Asymptomatic | 0 | 0 | 0 | < 0.001 |
Mild | 73 (19.9) | 1 (1.4) | 71 (98.6) | |
Moderate | 106 (28.9) | 0 | 104 (98.1) | |
Severe | 114 (31.1) | 23 (20.2) | 89 (77.4) | |
Critical | 63 (17.2) | 36 (48.7) | 38 (51.3) | |
Intubated | 29 (7.9) | 28 (96.5) | 1 (3.5) | < 0.001 |
Duration between the onset of symptoms and admission | ||||
Mean (SD) | 8 (15) | 5 (33) | 8 (7) | 0.229 |
Median (IQR) | 7 (5–10) | 6 (4–9) | 7 (5–10) | |
0–14 days | 322 (88.7) | 53 (16.4) | 269 (87.6) | 0.047 |
15–30 days | 35 (9.6) | 4 (11.4) | 31 (88.6) | |
> 30 days | 6 (1.7) | 3 (50.0) | 3 (50.0) | |
Hospitalisation days | ||||
Mean (SD) | 12 (9) | 7 (9) | 13 (9) | < 0.001 |
Median (IQR) | 10 (7–15) | 5 (1–10) | 11 (8–16) | |
Other diagnoses | ||||
Pneumonia | 181 (49.3) | 49 (27.1) | 132 (72.9) | <0.001 |
Upper respiratory tract infection | 15 (4.1) | 0 | 15 (100.0) | 0.080 |
Acute gastroenteritis | 10 (2.7) | 0 | 10 (100.0) | 0.378 |
Acute respiratory distress syndrome | 48 (13.1) | 33 (68.7) | 15 (31.2) | <0.001 |
Ct-values distribution | N = 227 | N = 36 | N = 191 | |
11–20 | 3 (1.3) | 1 (33.3) | 2 (66.70) | 0.178 |
21–30 | 63 (27.7) | 14 (22.2) | 49 (77.8) | |
31–40 | 159 (70.0) | 20 (12.6) | 139 (87.4) | |
> 40 | 2 (0.9) | 1 (50.0) | 1 (50.0) |