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Table 2 Tetanus risk factors for mechanical ventilation (n = 164)

From: Risk factors associated with mechanical ventilation, autonomic nervous dysfunction and physical outcome in Vietnamese adults with tetanus

Parameter No MV (n = 90) MV (n = 74) OR for MV 95% CI P value
Median [IQR], mean (±SD) or count (%)
Age (years) 46 [37–59] 52.5 [43–65] 1.027 1.01–1.05 0.01
Male sex 72 (80.0%) 60 (81.1%) 1.07 0.49–2.36 0.86
Any comorbidities 30 (33.3%) 34 (45.9%) 1.70 0.90–3.22 0.10
Deep wound 2 (2.2%) 2 (2.7%) 1.22 0.14–10.39 0.84
Incubation period (days) (n = 122) 10 [7–14] 8 [6–11] 0.99 0.952–1.04 0.78
Period of onset (h) (n = 141) 48 [24–72] 48 [24–48] 0.98 0.97–0.99 0.004
Time from first symptom to admission (days) (n = 162) 4 [3–6] 3 [2–4] 0.74 0.62–0.86 < 0.001
History of difficulty breathing 10 (11.1%) 19 (25.7%) 2.76 1.22–6.62 0.02
Clinical Features during first 24 h of admission
 Highest SBP (mmHg) 136 [120–150] 140 [130–147.5] 1.01 0.99–1.03 0.38
 Highest heart rate (bpm) 90 [82–99.5] 97 [88–111.5] 1.05 1.03–1.08 < 0.001
 Heart rate range (bpm) 12 [8–20] 16 [10–26] 1.05 1.02–1.08 0.001
 Highest temperature (°C) 37.4 [37.0–37.6] 37.5 [37.0––38.0] 2.35 1.36–4.28 0.003
SpO2 (%) 97 [96–98] 96 [94–97] 0.82 0.700–0.93 0.01
SOFA* score = 0 83 (92.2%) 52 (70.3%) Ref.   
SOFA* score > = 1 7 (7.8%) 22 (29.7%) 5.02 2.09–13.45 0.001
Urine output (ml/h) 69.7 [42.2–125.5] 76.6 [42.9–113.3] 1.00 0.10–1.00 0.81
Creatinine (μmol/L) 78.9 (± 16.4) 90.9 (± 48.4) 1.01 1.00–1.03 0.04
Platelets (× 109/L) 283.6 (± 81.7) 282.8 (± 97.4) 1.00 1.00–1.00 0.96
Potassium (mEq/L) (n = 94) 3.6 (± 0.4) 3.7 (± 0.6) 1.59 0.72–3.75 0.27
White blood count (× 109/L) (n = 95) 9.6 [7.1–11.0] 10.2 [8.4–13.0] 1.15 1.02–1.34 0.04
  1. *Sequential organ failure score [20]. Descriptive statistic describe number of patients with SOFA score = 0 (reference) or > = 1