From: Risk factors for cutaneous leishmaniasis in a high-altitude forest region of Peru
Variablesa | Cases | Controls | Crude OR | 95% CI | p-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | % | No. | % | ||||
Intradomestic transmission | |||||||
Permanent opening in housing structure | |||||||
No | 6 | 25 | 14 | 36 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 18 | 75 | 25 | 64 | 1.57 | 0.49–5.02 | 0.444 |
Number of rooms | |||||||
1 room | 5 | 21 | 7 | 18 | 1.00 | ||
≥ 2 rooms | 19 | 79 | 32 | 82 | 0.81 | 0.22–2.91 | 0.742 |
Type of floor | |||||||
Soil or wood | 7 | 29 | 16 | 43 | 1.00 | ||
Cement | 17 | 71 | 21 | 57 | 2.38 | 0.72–8.01 | 0.161 |
Type of wall | |||||||
Cement or brick | 16 | 67 | 33 | 85 | 1.00 | ||
Wood | 8 | 33 | 6 | 15 | 2.64 | 0.75–9.24 | 0.129 |
Bednet used last night | |||||||
No | 1 | 4 | 3 | 8 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 23 | 96 | 36 | 92 | 2.18 | 0.22–21.55 | 0.503 |
Living in an unfumigated home | |||||||
No | 12 | 52 | 26 | 74 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 11 | 48 | 9 | 26 | 4.30 | 0.87–88.74 | 0.073 |
Type of roof | |||||||
Corrugated iron | 22 | 92 | 31 | 79 | 1.00 | ||
Cement | 2 | 8 | 8 | 21 | 0.40 | 0.08–21.40 | 0.073 |
Peridomestic transmission | |||||||
Dog ownership | |||||||
No | 10 | 42 | 12 | 31 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 14 | 58 | 27 | 69 | 0.72 | 0.27–1.91 | 0.504 |
Home within 250 m of forest cover | |||||||
No | 16 | 76 | 33 | 85 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 5 | 24 | 6 | 15 | 1.33 | 0.37–4.73 | 0.663 |
Home within 250 m of river | |||||||
No | 20 | 95 | 37 | 95 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 1 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 0.62 | 0.05–7.00 | 0.697 |
Home within 250 m of main road | |||||||
No | 20 | 95 | 35 | 90 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 1 | 5 | 4 | 10 | 0.37 | 0.04–3.35 | 0.373 |
Living outside urban area | |||||||
No | 12 | 50 | 29 | 74 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 12 | 50 | 10 | 26 | 2.98 | 0.89–9.99 | 0.078 |
Non-domestic transmission | |||||||
Visits an agricultural plot (anytime of day) | |||||||
No | 1 | 4 | 12 | 31 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 23 | 96 | 27 | 69 | 8.79 | 1.09–70.80 | 0.041 |
Visits coffee field (anytime of day) | |||||||
No | 7 | 29 | 18 | 46 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 17 | 71 | 21 | 54 | 2.41 | 0.69–8.37 | 0.168 |
Sleeps in/near a coffee field | |||||||
No | 14 | 58 | 34 | 87 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 10 | 42 | 5 | 13 | 4.41 | 1.12–16.41 | 0.027 |
Sleeps in/near an agricultural plot | |||||||
No | 13 | 54 | 33 | 85 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 11 | 46 | 6 | 15 | 3.84 | 1.20–12.34 | 0.024 |
Exposed to insecticides from agricultural plot | |||||||
No | 5 | 23 | 11 | 37 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 17 | 77 | 19 | 63 | 1.32 | 0.42–4.42 | 0.633 |