Table 4 Prevalence of categorical variables and association with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) in bivariate analysis

 Child (<18 years)

324 (27.1)

182 (28.0)

142 (25.9)

-

0.418

 Adult (≥18 years)

874 (73.0)

468 (72.0)

406 (74.1)

0.90 (0.70-1.16)

Female sex

577 (48.2)

330 (50.8)

247 (45.1)

1.26 (1.00-1.58)

0.049

Altered mental status

63 (5.3)

27 (4.2)

36 (6.6)

0.62 (0.37-1.03)

0.06

Bloody stool reported

13 (1.1)

10 (1.5)

3 (0.6)

2.84 (0.78-10.37)

0.11

Mucoid stool reported

243 (20.3)

133 (20.5)

110 (20.1)

1.02 (0.77-1.36)

0.87

Abdominal pain

515 (43.0)

284 (43.7)

231 (42.2)

1.06 (0.85-1.34)

0.60

Vomiting (>3episodes/24 h)

839 (70.0)

459 (70.6)

380 (69.3)

1.06 (0.83-1.36)

0.63

Diarrhea frequency

<0.01

 ≤ 10 episodes/24 h

405 (33.8)

188 (28.9)

217 (39.6)

-

 >10 episodes/24 h

625 (52.2)

353 (54.3)

272 (89.2)

1.50 (1.17-1.93)

 >20 episodes/24 h

168 (14.0)

109 (16.8)

59 (10.8)

2.13 (1.47-3.09)

Prior antibiotic use

435 (36.3)

274 (42.2)

161 (29.4)

1.75 (1.38-2.23)

<0.01

Highest education level

0.34

 No school

346 (28.9)

181 (27.9)

163 (30.1)

-

 Primary school

407 (34.0)

226 (34.8)

181 (33.0)

1.14 (0.85-1.52)

 Junior secondary

210 (17.5)

123 (18.9)

87 (15.9)

1.29 (0.91-1.82)

 Secondary +

235 (19.6)

120 (18.5)

115 (21.0)

0.95 (0.68-1.33)

Water source—indoor piped

850 (71.0)

463 (71.2)

387 (70.6)

1.03 (0.80-1.32)

0.82

Use of treated water

498 (41.6)

269 (41.4)

229 (41.8)

0.98 (0.78-1.24)

0.89

Non-flush toilet use

504 (42.1)

302 (46.5)

202 (36.9)

1.49 (1.18-1.87)

<0.01

Sick contacts at home

268 (22.4)

161 (24.8)

107 (19.5)

1.36 (1.03-1.79)

0.03

>9 ppl sharing waste facilities

585 (48.8)

314 (48.3)

271 (49.5)

0.96 (0.76-1.20)

0.69

>5 ppl in household

397 (33.1)

224 (34.5)

173 (31.6)

1.14 (0.89-1.45)

0.29

Time to hospital (>90 min)

258 (21.5)

157 (24.2)

101 (18.4)

1.41 (1.06-1.87)

0.02