Teleconnection index vs leptospirosis incidence | Wavelet analysis results | Time-lagged detrended cross-correlation analysis results |
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ENSO | ||
Niño 4 SSTA vs leptospirosis incidence (LI) | Two patterns of correlation/1. LI peaks after about 14 weeks = 3.3months (varies 7–19 weeks) of Niño 4 SSTA troughs. 2. LI peaks after about 23 week = 5.4 months (varies 4–35 weeks) of Niño 4 SSTA peaks | LI rises significantly 3–4 months after decline of Niño 4 SSTA and again after 9–10 months (3-month lag CCF: 0.155, 4-month lag CCF: 0.187). Second pattern correlation after 6–7-month lag is not significant. |
Niño 3.4 SSTA vs leptospirosis incidence (LI) | Two patterns of correlation/1. LI peaks after about 16 weeks = 3.7 months (varies 6-32 weeks) of Niño 3.4 SSTA troughs. 2. LI peaks after about 29 weeks = 6.8 months (varies 20–46 weeks) of Niño 3.4 SSTA peaks | LI rises significantly 4–5 months after decline of Niño 3.4 SSTA and again after 9–10 months (4-month lag CCF: 0.161, 5-month lag CCF: 0.096). Second pattern correlation after 6–7-month lag is not significant. |
Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI) vs leptospirosis incidence (LI) | LI peaks after about 1.9 months (varies 1–3 months) of MEI Index troughs | LI rises significantly 1–3 months after decline of MEI and again after 7–8 months (2-month lag CCF: 0.125). Second pattern correlation after 4–5-month lag is not significant. |
Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) vs leptospirosis incidence (LI) | LI peaks after about 2.2 months (varies 1-4 months) of SOI peaks | LI rises significantly 2–3 months after rise of SOI (2 months lag CCF: 0.086, 3 months lag CCF: 0.132) |
ENSO Modoki | ||
ENSO Modoki Index vs leptospirosis incidence (LI) | LI peaks after about 11.5 months (varies 4.9–16.1 months) of ENSO Modoki peaks | LI rises significantly 2–4 months after decline of MEI (3-month lag CCF: 0.197) |
IOD | ||
Indian Ocean Dipole Mode Index (DMI) vs leptospirosis incidence (LI) | LI peaks after about 24 weeks = 5.6 months (range varies 6–40 weeks) of DMI peaks | LI rises significantly 2–3 months after rise of DMI (2-month lag CCF: 0.239, 3-month lag CCF: 0.240) |