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Table 3 Associations between behaviours/perceptions and age groups

From: Polarized nature of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: associations with population age structure and behaviours

Respondents’ behaviours and perceptions

Weighted n = 6000

Numbers (%) of respondents aged 18–59 years

n = 3514

Numbers (%) of respondents aged ≥ 60 years

n = 2487

Commuting by private automobile

No

2011 (57%)

2023 (81%)

Yes

1503 (43%)

464 (19%)

OR (95% CI)a

ref

0.307 (0.272–0.346)***

Commuting by public transportation

No

2729 (78%)

2316 (93%)

Yes

784 (22%)

171 (7%)

OR (95% CI)

ref

0.257 (0.216–0.306)***

Washing hands

No

440 (13%)

173 (7%)

Yes

3074 (88%)

2313 (93%)

OR (95% CI)

ref

1.914 (1.592–2.300)***

Practicing cough etiquette

No

1029 (29%)

922 (37%)

Yes

2484 (71%)

1565 (63%)

OR (95% CI)

ref

0.703 (0.630–0.784)***

Opening windows regularly

No

1614 (46%)

1335 (54%)

Yes

1900 (54%)

1151 (46%)

OR (95% CI)

ref

0.732 (0.661–0.812)***

Avoiding all 3 Csb

No

2121 (60%)

1097 (44%)

Yes

1393 (40%)

1389 (56%)

OR (95% CI)

ref

1.928 (1.737–2.139)***

Avoiding closed spaces with poor ventilation

No

1279 (36%)

621 (25%)

Yes

2235 (64%)

1865 (75%)

OR (95% CI)

ref

1.719 (1.534–1.926)***

Avoiding crowded places

No

901 (26%)

360 (15%)

Yes

2612 (74%)

2127 (85%)

OR (95% CI)

ref

2.038 (1.781–2.333)***

Avoiding close-contact setting

No

1798 (51%)

866 (35%)

Yes

1715 (49%)

1620 (65%)

OR (95% CI)

ref

1.961 (1.764–2.180)***

Non-scheduled visit to drinking places

No

2317 (66%)

2162 (87%)

Yes

1197 (34%)

325 (13%)

OR (95% CI)

ref

0.291 (0.254–0.333)***

Going to eat

No

1208 (34%)

1139 (46%)

Yes

2306 (66%)

1348 (54%)

OR (95% CI)

ref

0.620 (0.558–0.689)***

Perceived risk of contracting COVID-19

No

708 (20%)

723 (29%)

Yes

2806 (80%)

1763 (71%)

OR (95% CI)

ref

0.615 (0.546–0.693)***

Being afraid of transmitting COVID-19 to others

No

909 (26%)

973 (39%)

Yes

2604 (74%)

1514 (61%)

OR (95% CI)

ref

0.543 (0.486–0.607)***

Wearing facemask

No

217 (6%)

134 (5%)

Yes

3296 (94%)

2352 (95%)

OR (95% CI)

ref

1.156 (0.926–1.442)

  1. ***p < 0.001
  2. aUnivariate binomial analyses were conducted to calculate odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence interval [CI])
  3. b‘Avoiding all 3 Cs’ meaning that avoiding ‘closed spaces with poor ventilation’, ‘crowded places’ and ‘close contact setting’, such as close-range conversations