Table 4 Analysis of associated risk factors by meningitis type

Age, ≥40 years

3.1 (1.1–8.8)

0.034

2.6 (0.8–8.9)

0.134

3.9 (0.9–17.3)

0.078

6.6 (0.2–180)

0.265

Male sex

1.8 (0.6–5.2)

0.291

1.5 (0.4–5.8)

0.555

0.7 (0.2–2.9)

0.599

0.2 (0.1–4.0)

0.297

Place of residence, rural

3.7 (1.3–10.7)

0.015

4.1 (1.2–14.4)

0.030

5.7 (1.2–28.1)

0.032

1.5 (0.1–20.7)

0.769

Immunocompromised state^a

2.9 (0.3–23.8)

0.332

8.0 (0.8–82.5)

0.081

10.1 (0.4–252)

0.159

Duration of fever at admission, ≥7 days

1.2 (0.4–3.5)

0.742

2.5 (0.6–10.9)

0.212

Neck stiffness

2.8 (1.0–8.1)

0.062

1.9 (0.4–8.0)

0.405

 Leukocytosis (≥10×10⁹/L)

1.5 (0.5–4.4)

0.423

0.5 (0.1–2.1)

0.344

 Raised liver enzymes (AST>40 or ALT>35 U/L)

1.8 (0.7–5.1)

0.244

0.7 (0.2–2.9)

0.618

 Raised blood urea (>7.1 mmol/L)

2.5 (0.5–11.9)

0.258

5.3 (0.8–33.5)

0.076

5.5 (0.2–177)

0.336

 Raised CRP (≥1 mg/dL)

3.8 (1.2–11.7)

0.021

1.8 (0.4–8.2)

0.447

 White blood cells (/μL), ≥100

4.1 (1.4–11.9)

0.009

4.6 (0.9–22.3)

0.059

 Neutrophil count (/μL), ≥50

4.1 (1.4–11.9)

0.009

3.1 (0.7–13.7)

0.137

 Protein (g/L), ≥1.0

8.7 (2.6–29.2)

<0.001

20.6 (3.2–133)

0.001

 CSF/blood glucose ratio, ≤40

27.6 (3.5–218.9)

0.002

25.2 (2.5–255)

0.006

 ADA (IU/L), ≥10

26.1 (3.3–206)

0.002

25.5 (3.1–212)

0.003

40.5 (3.9–417)

0.002

42.2 (2.0–882)

0.016

Abnormal CT/MRI

0.4 (0.1–1.8)

0.256

0.2 (0.1–1.1)

0.070