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Table 4 Analysis of associated risk factors by meningitis type

From: Characteristics and biomarkers of patients with central nervous system infection admitted to a referral hospital in Northern Vietnam

Characteristics Bacterial meningitis vs viral meningitis Tubercular meningitis vs viral meningitis
Univariate analysis Multivariate analysis# Univariate analysis Multivariate analysis#
Odds ratio (95% CI) P value Adjusted OR (95% CI) P value Odds ratio (95% CI) P value Adjusted OR (95% CI) P value
Age, ≥40 years 3.1 (1.1–8.8) 0.034 2.6 (0.8–8.9) 0.134 3.9 (0.9–17.3) 0.078 6.6 (0.2–180) 0.265
Male sex 1.8 (0.6–5.2) 0.291 1.5 (0.4–5.8) 0.555 0.7 (0.2–2.9) 0.599 0.2 (0.1–4.0) 0.297
Place of residence, rural 3.7 (1.3–10.7) 0.015 4.1 (1.2–14.4) 0.030 5.7 (1.2–28.1) 0.032 1.5 (0.1–20.7) 0.769
Immunocompromised statea 2.9 (0.3–23.8) 0.332    8.0 (0.8–82.5) 0.081 10.1 (0.4–252) 0.159
Duration of fever at admission, ≥7 days 1.2 (0.4–3.5) 0.742    2.5 (0.6–10.9) 0.212   
Neck stiffness 2.8 (1.0–8.1) 0.062    1.9 (0.4–8.0) 0.405   
Lab findings
 Leukocytosis (≥10×109/L) 1.5 (0.5–4.4) 0.423    0.5 (0.1–2.1) 0.344   
 Raised liver enzymes (AST>40 or ALT>35 U/L) 1.8 (0.7–5.1) 0.244    0.7 (0.2–2.9) 0.618   
 Raised blood urea (>7.1 mmol/L) 2.5 (0.5–11.9) 0.258    5.3 (0.8–33.5) 0.076 5.5 (0.2–177) 0.336
 Raised CRP (≥1 mg/dL) 3.8 (1.2–11.7) 0.021    1.8 (0.4–8.2) 0.447   
CSF analysis
 White blood cells (/μL), ≥100 4.1 (1.4–11.9) 0.009    4.6 (0.9–22.3) 0.059   
 Neutrophil count (/μL), ≥50 4.1 (1.4–11.9) 0.009    3.1 (0.7–13.7) 0.137   
 Protein (g/L), ≥1.0 8.7 (2.6–29.2) <0.001    20.6 (3.2–133) 0.001   
 CSF/blood glucose ratio, ≤40 27.6 (3.5–218.9) 0.002    25.2 (2.5–255) 0.006   
 ADA (IU/L), ≥10 26.1 (3.3–206) 0.002 25.5 (3.1–212) 0.003 40.5 (3.9–417) 0.002 42.2 (2.0–882) 0.016
Abnormal CT/MRI 0.4 (0.1–1.8) 0.256    0.2 (0.1–1.1) 0.070   
  1. #In multivariate analysis, variables with P value less than 0.2 in univariate analysis were included along with age and sex. Using backward stepwise method, the result of the final model was shown. Variables in CSF analysis were correlated, so we included only variable for ADA in the final multivariate model
  2. aThis includes diabetes mellitus, liver cirrhosis, HIV positive, renal diseases, cancer, liver diseases, and chronic alcoholic diseases
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Tropical Medicine and Health

ISSN: 1349-4147

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