Table 3 Multivariable multilevel logistic regression analysis of both individual and community-level factors associated with childhood immunization in sub-Saharan African countries

 No education

1

1

 Primary

1.20 (1.07, 1.36)*

1.14 (1.06, 1.23)*

 Secondary and above

1.81 (1.54, 2.13)*

1.38 (1.25, 1.53)*

 15-24

1

1

 25-34

0.78 (0.70, 0.88)*

0.78 (0.69, 0.87)*

 35-49

0.64 (0.55, 0.75)*

0.64 (0.55, 0.74)*

 1-4

1

1

 5 and above

1.24 (1.10, 1.41)*

1.25 (1.10, 1.41)*

 Housewives

1

1

 Working any sector

0.75 (0.68, 0.84)*

0.85 (0.80, 0.91)*

 Home

1

1

 Health facility

1.51 (1.40, 1.63)*

1.51 (1.41, 1.63)*

 Sex of household head

 Male

1

1

 Female

1.07 (0.95, 1.20)

1.02 (0.95, 1.10)*

 Poor

1

1

 Middle

1.14 (1.02, 1.28)*

1.16 (1.07, 1.25)*

 Rich

0.92 (0.82, 1.02)

1.29 (1.18, 1.40)*

 No antenatal visits

 1-3

2.02 (1.84, 2.22)*

1.46 (1.28, 1.67)*

 4 and above

2.51 (2.29, 2.76)*

2.01 (1.76, 2.30)*

 No education

1

1

 Primary

1.34 (1.24, 1.46)*

1.19 (1.11, 1.27)*

 Secondary and above

1.71 (1.55, 1.90)*

1.91 (1.77, 2.07)*

 No

1

1

 Yes

1.35 (1.22,1.49)*

1.55 (1.46, 1.65)*

 Having ever been married

1

1

 Currently married

1.48 (1.38,1.59)*

1.41 (1.27, 1.56)*

 Not exposed

1

1

 Exposed to mass media

1.38 (1.31, 1.47)*

1.11 (1.04, 1.18)*

 Big problem

1

1

 Not a big problem

1.49 (1.39, 1.60)*

1.42 (1.28, 1.47)*

 Rural

1

1

 Urban

1.45 (1.36, 1.54)*

1.23 (1.15, 1.32)*

 Democratic Republic of Congo

1

1

 Ethiopia

1.37 (1.23, 1.54)*

1.40 (1.28, 1.62)*

 Ghana

4.95 (4.23, 5.78)*

5.04 (4.30, 5.90)*

 Malawi

4.93 (4.43, 5.49)*

5.11 (4.58, 5.71)*

 Namibia

3.74 (3.20, 4.36)*

3.78 (3.21, 4.44)*

 Rwanda

3.49 (3.12, 3.90)*

3.78 (3.37, 4.25)*

 Tanzania

4.31 (3.80, 4.90)*

4.27 (3.75, 4.86)*

 Senegal

0.93 (0.85, 1.02)

0.86 (0.78, 0.94)*

 Zambia

3.17 (2.84, 3.53)*

3.32 (2.97, 3.71)*