From: Factors associated with self-rated health among mineworkers in Zambia: a cross-sectional study
Regular employees (n = 213) | Contract employees (n = 125) | P value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||||
n | % | n | % | ||
Job category | |||||
Nonunderground work | 102 | 47.9 | 87 | 69.6 | < 0.001 |
Underground work | 111 | 52.1 | 38 | 30.4 | |
Years of working | 13.9 (8.0) | 10.0 (8.0) | < 0.001 a | ||
Income per month (Kwacha) | 4681 (1994) | 3595 (3197) | < 0.001 a | ||
Working hours per week | |||||
40 h or more | 176 | 85.4 | 103 | 85.1 | 0.938 |
Less than 40 h | 30 | 14.6 | 18 | 14.9 | |
Nightshift work | |||||
No | 108 | 50.9 | 62 | 50.8 | 0.983 |
Yes | 104 | 49.1 | 60 | 49.2 | |
Overtime work | |||||
No | 70 | 33.2 | 45 | 39.1 | 0.282 |
Yes | 141 | 66.8 | 70 | 60.9 | |
Breaks during work | |||||
No break | 50 | 25.9 | 23 | 18.9 | 0.113 |
Every 1 to 3 h | 56 | 29.0 | 31 | 25.4 | |
Once (30 min to 1 h) per shift | 50 | 25.9 | 47 | 28.5 | |
Others | 37 | 19.2 | 21 | 17.2 | |
Provided a meal/snack at workplace | |||||
No | 94 | 46.3 | 23 | 19.2 | < 0.001 |
Yes | 109 | 53.7 | 97 | 80.8 | |
Guaranteed paid holidays | |||||
No paid holidays | 31 | 17.6 | 27 | 25.7 | 0.094 b |
Less than 20 days | 22 | 12.5 | 18 | 17.1 | |
20 days or more | 123 | 69.9 | 60 | 57.1 | |
Took a paid holiday in the last year | |||||
No | 63 | 33.7 | 47 | 45.6 | 0.045 |
Yes | 124 | 66.3 | 56 | 54.4 | |
Sickness insurance provided by the company | |||||
No | 43 | 21.4 | 60 | 52.2 | < 0.001 |
Yes | 158 | 78.6 | 55 | 47.8 | |
Guaranteed sick leave | |||||
No | 61 | 31.6 | 46 | 42.2 | 0.064 |
Yes | 132 | 68.4 | 63 | 57.8 | |
Experience of taking sick leave | |||||
No | 114 | 60.6 | 64 | 58.7 | 0.744 |
Yes | 74 | 39.4 | 45 | 41.3 |