Table 1 Percentage distribution of characteristics of respondents in 2000, 2005, 2011, and 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys
Variables | EDHS 2000 (%) (N = 12,260) | EDHS 2005 (%) (N = 11,163) | EDHS 2011 (%) (N = 11,872) | EDHS 2016 (%) (N = 11,022) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Region | ||||
 Tigray | 788 (6.4) | 698 (6.3) | 753 (6.3) | 716 (6.5) |
 Afar | 126 (1.0) | 107 (1.0) | 121 (1.0) | 114 (1.0) |
 Amhara | 3202 (26.1) | 2621 (23.5) | 2656 (22.4) | 2072 (18.8) |
 Oromia | 4999 (40.8) | 4411 (39.5) | 5014 (42.2) | 4851 (44.0) |
 Somali | 142 (1.2) | 477 (4.3) | 364 (3.1) | 507 (4.6) |
 Benishangul | 124 (1.0) | 105 (0.9) | 140 (1.2) | 122 (1.1) |
 SNNPRs | 2602 (21.2) | 2500 (22.4) | 2494 (21.0) | 2296 (20.8) |
 Gambella | 29 (0.2) | 31 (0.3) | 40 (0.3) | 27 (0.2) |
 Harari | 25 (0.2) | 22 (0.2) | 29 (0.2) | 26 (0.2) |
 Addis Ababa | 182 (1.5) | 153 (1.4) | 221 (1.9) | 244 (2.2) |
 Dire Dawa | 40 (0.3) | 37 (0.3) | 39 (0.3) | 47 (0.4) |
Place of residence | ||||
 Urban | 1276 (10.4) | 815 (7.3) | 1528 (12.9) | 1215 (11.0) |
 Rural | 10,984 (89.6) | 10,348 (92.7) | 10,344 (87.1) | 9807 (89.0) |
Religion | ||||
 Orthodox | 6042 (49.3) | 4674 (41.9) | 4519 (38.1) | 3772 (34.2) |
 Catholic | 81 (0.7) | 121 (1.1) | 108 (0.9) | 103 (0.9) |
 Protestant | 1959 (16.0) | 2217 (19.9) | 2758 (23.2) | 2329 (21.1) |
 Muslim | 3713 (30.3) | 3875 (34.7) | 4214 (35.5) | 4561 (41.4) |
 Traditional | 465 (3.8) | 275 (2.5) | 271 (2.3) | 257 (2.3) |
Age of women (in years) | ||||
 15–19 | 557 (4.6) | 575 (5.2) | 492 (4.1) | 378 (3.4) |
 20–24 | 2750 (22.4) | 2243 (20.1) | 2360 (19.9) | 2068 (18.8) |
 25–29 | 3297 (26.9) | 3171 (28.4) | 3798 (32.0) | 3353 (30.4) |
 30–34 | 2433 (19.8) | 2301 (20.6) | 2344 (19.7) | 2489 (22.6) |
 35–39 | 1839 (15.0) | 1718 (15.4) | 1822 (15.4) | 1772 (16.1) |
 40–44 | 991 (8.1) | 787 (7.1) | 785 (6.6) | 723 (6.6) |
 45–49 | 393 (3.2) | 367 (3.3) | 272 (2.3) | 239 (2.2) |
Maternal education | ||||
 No education | 10,062 (82.1) | 8838 (79.2) | 8227 (69.3) | 7284 (66.1) |
 Primary | 1597 (13.0) | 1855 (16.6) | 3211 (27.1) | 2950 (26.8) |
 Secondary | 573 (4.7) | 427 (3.8) | 266 (2.2) | 514 (4.7) |
 Higher | 28 (0.2) | 43 (0.4) | 168 (1.4) | 274 (2.5) |
Height/age | ||||
 Normal | 7644 (62.4) | 9149 (82.0) | 6893 (58.1) | 6624 (60.1) |
 Moderately stunted | 2292 (18.7) | 980 (8.8) | 2258 (19.0) | 1802 (16.4) |
 Severely stunted | 2324 (19.0) | 1034 (9.2) | 2721 (22.9) | 2596 (23.6) |
Weight/age | ||||
 Normal | 7937 (64.7) | 9487 (85.0) | 7288 (61.4) | 6998 (63.5) |
 Moderately underweight | 2837 (23.1) | 1192 (10.7) | 2615 (22.0) | 2146 (19.5) |
 Severely underweight | 1486 (12.2) | 484 (4.3) | 1969 (16.6) | 1879 (17.0) |
Weight/height | ||||
 Normal | 11,091 (90.5) | 10,701 (95.7) | 9896 (83.4) | 8931 (81.0) |
 Moderately wasted | 1025 (8.3) | 368 (3.3) | 758 (6.4) | 686 (6.2) |
 Severely wasted | 144 (1.2) | 94 (0.8) | 1218 (10.3) | 1406 (12.8) |
Media exposure | ||||
 No | 8932 (72.9) | 7017 (62.9) | 6988 (58.9) | 7375 (66.9) |
 Yes | 3328 (27.1) | 4146 (37.1) | 4884 (41.1) | 3647 (33.1) |
Preceding birth interval | ||||
 < 24 months | 1950 (15.9) | 2246 (20.1) | 1963 (16.5) | 1942 (17.6) |
 ≥ 24 months | 10,310 (84.1) | 8917 (79.9) | 9909 (83.5) | 9080 (82.4) |
Parity | ||||
 Less than 4 | 6821 (55.6) | 6139 (55.0) | 6893 (58.1) | 6270 (56.9) |
 5 up to 8 births | 4291 (35.0) | 4027 (36.1) | 4039 (34.0) | 3999 (36.3) |
 Greater than 8 births | 1148 (9.4) | 997 (8.9) | 940 (7.9) | 753 (6.8) |