Table 3 Characteristics of the articles concerning bacterial contamination of HM in E. Africa that were reviewed in this study
First author, year | Year | Country | ROA | Formulation | Diseases treated | Sampling technique | Sample size | BCS | Study design | Bacteria isolated |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sousa Lima et al., 2020 | 2020 | Kenya | Oral and topical | Liquid, semi-solid, solid | Not specified | Entire | 132 | 68 | Cross-sectional | S. aureus, Salmonella spp., E. coli, P. aeruginosa |
Ngari, F.W., et al., 2013 | 2013 | Kenya | Oral | Solid, liquid, semi-solid | Oral diseases | Entire | 22 | 5 | Cross-sectional | E. coli, Salmonella typhi, P. aeruginosa |
Wakome, M. J, 2015 | 2015 | Kenya | Oral and topical | Solid, liquid | Not specified | Entire | 150 | 142 | Cross-sectional | Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli |
Khadijah. M. H, 2015 | 2015 | Kenya | Oral | Solid, liquid | HIV, TB, ulcers, cancer | Purposive | 89 | 29 | Cross-sectional | Salmonella spp., E. coli |
Keter, K. L., et al., 2016 | 2016 | Kenya | Oral | Solid, liquid | Not specified | purposive | 100 | 90 | Cross-sectional | K. pneumonia, Shigella sonnei, Serratia erwinia, Serratia liquefaciens, Proteus penneri |
Kaume, L., et al., 2012 | 2012 | Kenya | Oral | Solid | HIV | Purposive | 24 | 16 | Â | E. coli, S. aureus |
Onyambu, 2013 | 2013 | Kenya | Not specified | Liquid, solid | Not specified | Purposive | 30 | 23 | Cross-sectional | E. coli, K. pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, S. aureus, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp. |
Korir, R. et al., 2017 | 2017 | Kenya | Not specified | Liquid, semi-solid, solid | Not specified | Purposive | 138 | 117 | Cross-sectional | Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus anthracoides, Proteus penner, S. aureus, Streptomyces spp., E. coli, Enterobacter aerogens, Serratia spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, Citrobacter spp., Shigella sonnei |
Walther, C., et al., 2015 | 2015 | Tanzania | Not specified | Liquid | Not specified | Purposive | 109 | 89 | Cross-sectional | Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp. |
Kira, J. D, 2015 | 2015 | Tanzania | Not specified | Solids, liquids | Not specified | Random | 50 | 9 | Cross-sectional | Escherichia coli, S. aureus |
Nanyanzi, J., 2009 | 2009 | Uganda | Oral | Liquids | Cough | Purposive | 216 | 24 | Cross-sectional | Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. |
Musoke, W., 2019 | 2019 | Uganda | Oral | Liquid, solid | Cough, ulcer, diabetes, malaria | Purposive | 20 | 18 | Cross-sectional | S. aureus, E. coli |
Niyoshima. D., 2016 | 2016 | Uganda | Not specified | Liquid | Not specified | Purposive | 170 | 40 | Cross-sectional | Staphylococcus aureus |
Gonsha, R., 2012 | 2012 | Uganda | Oral | Liquid | Not specified | Entire | 100 | 100 | Cross-sectional | S. epidermidis, S. aureus, Enterobacter spp., E. coli, Citrobacter freundii |