Table 2 Results of generalised estimating equations for associations between sources of information on COVID-19 and correct identification of COVID-19 prevention behaviours, COVID-19 symptoms, and belief in COVID-19 misinformation in the states of Bauchi, Jigawa, Kano, Katsina, Sokoto and Yobe, Nigeria (n = 36,914)

Model 1*

1.78 (1.64–1.94)

< 0.001

1.74 (1.59–1.90)

< 0.001

0.92 (0.85–1.00)

0.038

Model 2*

SMC distributor during campaign

Without face covering

1.35 (1.13–1.61)

0.001

1.44 (1.23–1.69)

< 0.001

1.11 (0.91–1.35)

0.320

Wearing face covering

1.84 (1.69–2.01)

< 0.001

1.78 (1.62–1.95)

< 0.001

0.90 (0.83–0.98)

0.012

Model 3*

SMC distributor during campaign

Without face covering

1.36 (1.12–1.67)

0.002

1.48 (1.22–1.80)

< 0.001

1.11 (0.91–1.35)

0.294

Wearing face covering

1.83 (1.67–2.01)

< 0.001

1.75 (1.57–1.94)

< 0.001

0.92 (0.84–1.00)

0.042

Other information sources (non-exclusive categories)

Local leader

1.20 (1.07–1.35)

0.002

1.35 (1.20–1.52)

< 0.001

0.96 (0.85–1.10)

0.574

Religious leader

1.12 (0.97–1.29)

0.119

1.22 (1.02–1.46)

0.031

0.87 (0.72–1.07)

0.184

Health facility staff

1.49 (1.32–1.69)

< 0.001

1.68 (1.47–1.92)

< 0.001

0.83 (0.71–0.97)

0.021

CHW

1.35 (1.20–1.52)

< 0.001

1.67 (1.46–1.90)

< 0.001

0.99 (0.89–1.09)

0.790

Radio

1.82 (1.65–2.00)

< 0.001

2.05 (1.84–2.28)

< 0.001

0.88 (0.81–0.95)

0.002

Printed materials

0.92 (0.67–1.26)

0.607

0.93 (0.64–1.35)

0.695

0.72 (0.41–1.25)

0.244

Television

1.71 (1.48–1.97)

< 0.001

1.78 (1.52–2.10)

< 0.001

0.90 (0.77–1.03)

0.132

Town announcer

1.37 (1.22–1.53)

< 0.001

1.48 (1.29–1.70)

< 0.001

0.95 (0.84–1.08)

0.455

Word of mouth

0.90 (0.83–0.98)

0.012

0.92 (0.84–1.01)

0.079

0.96 (0.86–1.08)

0.541

Any other source

1.15 (0.97–1.37)

0.109

1.40 (1.05–1.86)

0.009

0.99 (0.84–1.17)

0.895