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Table 1 Summary statistics for awareness of COVID-19, correct identification of COVID-19 prevention behaviours and COVID-19 symptoms, belief in COVID-19 misinformation, provision of information on COVID-19 by SMC community drug distributors and other sources of information on COVID-19 in the states of Bauchi, Jigawa, Kano, Katsina, Sokoto and Yobe, Nigeria (n = 40,157)

From: COVID-19 knowledge, beliefs, prevention behaviours and misinformation in the context of an adapted seasonal malaria chemoprevention campaign in six northern Nigerian States

Variable (COVID-19 awareness and knowledge outcomes)

Bauchi*

Jigawa*

Kano*

Katsina*

Sokoto*

Yobe*

Six states**

% (95% CI)

% (95% CI)

% (95% CI)

% (95% CI)

% (95% CI)

% (95% CI)

% (95% CI)

Aware of COVID-19

80.32 (78.94–81.62)

97.17 (96.67–97.61)

95.12 (94.39–95.76)

90.11 (89.41–90.77)

94.31 (93.65–94.90)

89.56 (88.35–90.65)

93.00 (92.64–93.38)

Knowledge of COVID-19 prevention

47.07 (45.02–49.13)

85.20 (84.23–86.11)

86.88 (86.12–87.60)

70.37 (69.17–71.54)

80.81 (79.51–82.03)

86.48 (85.15–87.71)

80.52 (80.02–81.00)

Knowledge of symptoms suggestive of COVID-19

50.67 (48.60–52.75)

85.98 (85.03–86.88)

87.91 (87.14–88.64)

71.82 (70.64–72.97)

82.99 (81.79–84.13)

85.38 (84.01–86.65)

81.72 (81.23–82.20)

Belief in COVID-19 misinformation

34.24 (32.20–36.33)

24.10 (22.85–25.39)

25.20 (23.90–26.54)

23.44 (22.36–24.56)

8.87 (8.00–9.83)

22.35 (20.54–24.28)

22.90 (22.24–23.57)

Variable (sources on information on COVID-19)

 

SMC distributor during campaign

18.13 (16.66–19.69)

63.49 (62.12–64.84)

51.36 (49.95–52.76)

32.99 (31.80–34.20)

62.39 (60.70–64.05)

77.79 (76.01–79.47)

50.61 (49.87–51.34)

SMC distributor during campaign

Without face covering

1.13 (0.80–1.60)

1.45 (1.15–1.81)

2.98 (2.61–3.39)

3.37 (2.92–3.88)

1.46 (1.16–1.84)

2.06 (1.63–2.60)

2.52 (2.33–2.74)

Wearing face covering

17.00 (15.57–18.53)

62.04 (60.66–63.41)

48.38 (46.99–49.78)

29.62 (28.47–30.79)

60.93 (59.23–62.60)

75.73 (73.92–77.46)

48.08 (47.35–48.81)

Other information sources (non-exclusive categories)

Local leader

8.37 (7.28–9.60)

19.05 (17.95–20.21)

20.73 (19.53–21.99)

7.82 (7.17–8.51)

17.62 (16.42–18.90)

36.94 (34.74–39.20)

17.87 (17.29–18.51)

Religious leader

7.39 (6.32–8.61)

11.40 (10.47–12.39)

12.77 (11.68–13.94)

6.21 (5.63–6.85)

9.04 (8.12–10.06)

30.96 (28.88–33.11)

11.69 (11.16–12.26)

Health facility staff

5.72 (4.80–6.81)

16.21 (15.10–17.37)

14.23 (13.27–15.25)

11.66 (10.89–12.48)

22.58 (20.84–24.41)

41.52 (39.45–43.61)

16.39 (15.85–16.95)

CHW

4.48 (3.74–5.35)

20.99 (19.79–22.25)

11.67 (10.79–12.61)

10.39 (9.68–11.15)

23.92 (22.54–25.37)

35.89 (33.96–37.86)

15.41 (14.91–15.91)

Radio

46.38 (44.32–48.44)

70.61 (69.36–71.83)

81.89 (80.89–82.84)

58.32 (57.03–59.61)

69.19 (67.63–70.71)

60.27 (58.12–62.38)

70.75 (70.14–71.35)

Printed materials

0.11 (0.01–0.32)

1.09 (0.79–1.50)

3.10 (2.52–3.80)

1.73 (1.44–2.08)

2.33 (1.87–2.89)

6.47 (5.47–7.64)

2.53 (2.25–2.85)

Television

4.03 (3.29–4.93)

7.02 (6.29–7.82)

16.56 (15.29–17.91)

11.29 (10.34–12.31)

10.09 (8.99–11.31)

24.55 (22.63–26.58)

13.34 (12.71–14.00)

Town announcer

10.15 (8.57–74.85)

14.71 (13.72–15.75)

8.90 (8.14–9.73)

14.38 (13.52–15.28)

20.03 (13.29–16.15)

14.66 (13.29–16.15)

12.64 (12.19–13.11)

Word of mouth

72.96 (70.97–74.85)

56.38 (54.96–57.79)

37.20 (35.90–38.53)

50.02 (48.69–51.35)

56.47 (54.74–58.19)

39.97 (37.90–42.07)

46.67 (45.94–47.39)

Any other source

5.40 (4.65–6.26)

11.21 (10.35–12.14)

1.87 (1.45–2.40)

3.24 (2.83–3.70)

2.04 (1.74–2.47)

2.41 (1.93–3.01)

3.36 (3.34–3.38)

  1. Abbreviations: CHW community health worker
  2. *Results adjusted using post-sampling weights based on ward population size
  3. **Weighted average for the population surveyed across the six states investigated, adjusted using post-sampling weights based on ward and state population sizes (total state populations, or in the case of Bauchi, the combined population of the local government areas covered by the SMC programme and LQAS survey (Dambam, Darazo, Gamawa, Giada, Itas Gadau, Jamaare, Katagum, Misau, Shira and Zaki)
  4. Sample sizes: Bauchi (n = 4,115), Jigawa (n = 6,940) Kano (n = 11,393) Katsina (n = 8,626) Sokoto (n = 5,567), Yobe (n = 3,706), and six-state total (n = 36,914)
  5. Sample sizes (restricted to respondents who reported awareness of COVID-19): Bauchi (n = 3,248), Jigawa (n = 6,771), Kano (10,904), Katsina (7,448), Sokoto (n = 5,115), Yobe (n = 3,348), and six-state total (n = 40,157)