|
Individual and community-level variables
|
Models
|
|---|
|
Null model
|
Model I
|
Model II
|
Model III
|
|---|
|
AOR (95%CI)
|
AOR (95% CI)
|
AOR (95% CI)
|
AOR (95% CI)
|
|---|
|
Men age
|
|
15–29 years
| |
1
| |
1
|
|
30–44 years
| |
1.28 (1.07, 1.54)
| |
1.30 (1.08, 1.56)*
|
|
45–59 years
| |
1.38 (1.09, 1.74)
| |
1.38 (1.10, 1.74)*
|
|
Household head
|
|
Male
| |
1
| |
1
|
|
Female
| |
1.05 (0.87, 1.27)
| |
1.09 (0.90, 1.32)
|
|
Marital status
|
|
Had a partner
| |
1
| |
1
|
|
Not having a partner
| |
0.78 (0.65, 0.94)
| |
0.78 (0.64, 1.02)
|
|
Religion
|
|
Orthodox
| |
1
| |
1
|
|
Muslim
| |
0.006 (0.005,0.08)
| |
0.01 (0.008, 0.044)
|
|
Protestant
| |
0.05 (0.039, 0.062)
| |
0.06 (0.054, 0.083)
|
|
Others
| |
0.36 (0.24, 0.55)
| |
0.42 (0.28, 0.63)
|
|
Men education
|
|
Unable to read and write
| |
1
| |
1
|
|
Primary education
| |
0.83 (0.65, 1.06)
| |
0.87 (0.68, 1.11)
|
|
Secondary education
| |
0.74 (0.55, 0.99)
| |
0.80 (0.60, 1.08)
|
|
Higher education
| |
1.30 (0.95, 1.78)
| |
1.40 (0.99, 1.92)
|
|
Men working status
|
|
Not working
| |
1
| |
1
|
|
Working
| |
0.78 (0.54, 1.12)
| |
0.83 (0.57, 1.02)
|
|
Media exposure
|
|
No exposed
| |
1
| |
1
|
|
Exposed
| |
1.67 (1.40, 2.00)
| |
1.69 (1.41, 2.20)*
|
|
Wealth index
|
|
Poor
| |
1
| |
1
|
|
Middle
| |
0.91 (0.73, 1.13)
| |
0.85 (0.68, 1.06)
|
|
Richer
| |
0.84 (0.69, 1.03)
| |
0.83 (0.68, 1.03)
|
|
Smoking status
|
|
Non-smoker
| |
1
| |
1
|
|
Smoker
| |
1.89 (1.48, 2.41)
| |
2.18 (1.71, 2.79)*
|
|
Khat chewing
|
|
No
| |
1
| |
1
|
|
Yes
| |
2.77 (2.28, 3.37)
| |
3.08 (2.54, 3.74)*
|
|
Occupation
|
|
Had occupation
| |
1
| |
1
|
|
Had no occupation
| |
0.30 (0.20, 0.46)
| |
0.34 (0.22, 0.51)*
|
|
Literacy
|
|
Can read
| |
1
| |
1
|
|
Cannot read
| |
0.95 (0.76, 1.19)
| |
1.01 (0.80, 1.26)
|
|
Residence
|
|
Urban
| | |
1
|
1
|
|
Rural
| | |
0.27 (0.17, 0.41)
|
0.80 (0.56, 1.15)
|
|
Region
|
|
Tigray
| | |
1
|
1
|
|
Afar
| | |
.0007 (.0003, 0.0007)
|
0.02 (0.009, 0.042)*
|
|
Amhara
| | |
0.62 (0.31, 1.25)
|
1.05 (0.61, 1.81)
|
|
Oromia
| | |
0.008 (0.004, 0.017)
|
0.06 (0.039, 0.11)*
|
|
Somali
| | |
0.0001 (0.0003, 0.00)
|
0.004 (0.001, 0.011)*
|
|
Benishangul
| | |
0.04 (0.021, 0.093)
|
0.33 (0.18, 0.58)*
|
|
SNNPR
| | |
0.1 (0.005, 0.02)
|
0.07 (0.04, 0.12)*
|
|
Gambela
| | |
0.03 (0.016, 0.073)
|
0.15 (0.08, 0.27)*
|
|
Harari
| | |
0.02 (0.001, 0.005)
|
0.01 (0.008, 0.032)*
|
|
Addis Ababa
| | |
0.048 (0.02, 0.106)
|
0.21 (0.11, 0.39)*
|
|
Dire Dawa
| | |
0.003 (0.001, 0.007)
|
0.03 (0.016, 0.059)*
|
|
Random effects
|
|
ICC%
|
77.82
|
47.23
|
48.84
|
29.04
|
|
PCV%
|
1
|
74.52
|
72.79
|
88.38
|
|
MOR
|
51.41
|
7.33
|
7.83
|
3.83
|
|
Model fitness
|
|
Log-likelihood ratio
|
− 5224
|
− 3920
|
− 4907
|
− 3690
|
|
Deviance
|
10448
|
7840
|
9817
|
7380
|
- CI confidence interval, AOR adjusted odds ratio, Others traditional religion followers
- *Significant at p value = 0.05
