Variables | Category | Weighted frequency | ARI, weighted percentage (95% CI) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2005 | 2011 | 2016 | Pooled | 2005 | 2011 | 2016 | Pooled | ||
Breast feeding of child | Never | 178 | 153 | 372 | 703 | 13.1 (6.1, 26.0) | 8.7 (3.8, 18.5) | 10.1 (5.0, 19.3) | 10.5 (6.7, 16.2) |
Ever | 9696 | 10545 | 9823 | 30064 | 12.7 (11.5, 14.0) | 11.9 (10.8, 13.1) | 11.2 (10.0, 12.5) | 11.9 (11.3, 12.7) | |
Father’s education | No education | 5750 | 5257 | 4636 | 15643 | 12.0 (10.6, 13.5) | 12.3 (10.7, 14.0) | 10.6 (9.0, 12.5) | 11.7 (10.8, 12.6) |
Primary | 3021 | 4474 | 3827 | 11322 | 14.0 (12.1, 16.1) | 11.8 (10.2, 13.5) | 12.9 (10.9, 15.2) | 12.7 (11.6, 13.9) | |
Secondary | 992 | 514 | 748 | 2254 | 13.8 (11.0, 17.3) | 10.3 (6.9, 15.0) | 9.7 (6.4, 14.5) | 11.6 (9.7, 13.9) | |
Higher | 107 | 332 | 411 | 851 | 3.3 (1.0, 10.5) | 9.5 (5.2, 16.5) | 3.7 (1.8, 7.3) | 5.9 (3.8, 9.0) | |
Father’s occupation | Did not work | 43 | 89 | 736 | 869 | 22.5 (9.6, 44.4) | 19.7 (8.0, 40.7) | 11.6 (7.9, 16.8) | 13.0 (9.2, 17.8) |
Professional | 166 | 311 | 391 | 868 | 6.2 (2.9, 12.5) | 11.0 (6.2, 18.9) | 4.4 (2.4, 7.9) | 7.1 (4.8, 10.4) | |
Sales | 516 | 830 | 653 | 1999 | 7.6 (5.1, 11.2) | 11.7 (8.5, 15.8) | 11.0 (7.5, 0.160) | 10.4 (8.4, 12.8) | |
Agriculture | 8674 | 8474 | 6384 | 23533 | 13.2 (11.9, 14.6) | 12.1 (10.9, 13.4) | 11.99 (10.3, 13.7) | 12.5 (11.7, 13.3) | |
Services | 58 | 149 | 253 | 461 | 12.1 (5.0, 26.8) | 14.8 (7.1, 0.283) | 10.6 (6.2, 17.5) | 12.1 (8.1, 17.8) | |
Skilled | 232 | 569 | 537 | 1338 | 12.7 (7.2, 21.4) | 7.9 (5.0, 12.1) | 11.5 (7.9, 16.6) | 10.2 (7.8, 13.1) | |
Unskilled | 164 | 111 | 337 | 613 | 11.0 (6.6, 17.8) | 12.5 (5.0, 27.9) | 12.1 (8.2, 0.176) | 11.9 (8.8, 15.9) | |
Other | 15 | 68 | 341 | 425 | - | 18.3 (8.8, 0.344) | 5.8 (3.4, 9.6) | 7.6 (4.8, 11.9) | |
Mother’s occupation | Did not work | 7044 | 5009 | 5679 | 17732 | 11.8 (10.3, 13.4) | 11.3 (9.9, 13.0) | 10.3 (8.9, 11.9) | 11.2 (10.2, 12.0) |
Sales | 709 | 1762 | 1172 | 3643 | 16.1 (12.5, 20.4) | 13.0 (10.7, 15.8) | 12.8 (10.2, 16.0) | 13.6 (11.9, 15.4) | |
Agriculture | 1880 | 2889 | 2305 | 7074 | 15.5 (12.9, 18.4) | 12.6 (10.9, 14.6) | 12.8 (10.4, 15.9) | 13.5 (12,2, 14.2) | |
Skilled | 147 | 735 | 372 | 1254 | 9.6 (4.7, 18.7) | 10.8 (7.7, 15.0) | 11.7 (6.8, 19.6) | 10.9 (8.3, 14.2) | |
Other | 174 | 240 | 668 | 1082 | 9.9 (5.6, 16.9) | (8.9 (5.1, 0.149) | 8.7 (5.9, 12.6) | 8.9 (6.8, 11.7) | |
Mother’s education | No education | 7863 | 7446 | 6750 | 22059 | 12.6 (11.3, 14.1) | 11.8 (10.5, 13.2) | 11.1 (9.6, 12.7) | 11.9 (11.1, 12.7) |
Primary | 1679 | 2905 | 2734 | 7318 | 13.8 (11.3, 16.6) | 12.4 (10.5, 14.5) | 12.4 (10.4, 14.6) | 12.7 (11.5, 14.0) | |
Secondary | 388 | 230 | 472 | 1090 | 10.4 (6.7, 15.9) | 10.6 (6.1, 17.9) | 8.2 (5.3, 12.5) | 9.5 (7.3, 12.4) | |
Higher | 42 | 147 | 239 | 428 | 2.2 (0.6, 7.7) | 8.4 (4.2, 16.2) | 4.8 (2.3, 10.0) | 5.8 (3.5, 9.5) | |
Household wealth quintile | Poorest | 1904 | 1613 | 1510 | 5027 | 12.2 (10.0, 14.8) | 11.7 (9.4, 14.4) | 10.7 (8.3, 13.6) | 11.6 (10.2, 13.1) |
Poorer | 2206 | 3101 | 2551 | 7858 | 10.4 (8.6, 12.5) | 12.0 (10.2, 14.0) | 12.0 (9.7, 14.7) | 11.5 (10.4, 12.8) | |
Middle | 2331 | 2553 | 2738 | 7622 | 14.6 (12.2, 17.4) | 12.0 (9.9, 14.5) | 11.8 (9.7, 14.4) | 12.7 (11.4, 14.2) | |
Higher | 2422 | 2135 | 2296 | 6853 | 9.7 (12.7, 17.0) | 11.4 (9.5, 13.7) | 11.9 (9.7, 14.5) | 12.7 (11.5, 14.1) | |
Highest | 1109 | 1327 | 1100 | 3536 | 11.7 (7.5, 12.5) | 12.3 (9.5, 15.8) | 6.5 (4.4, 9.4) | 9.7 (8.2, 11.4) | |
Child sex | Male | 5050 | 5531 | 5222 | 15803 | 12.8 (11.2, 14.5) | 11.7 (10.3, 13.3) | 11.0 (9.6, 12.5) | 11.8 (11.0, 12.7) |
Female | 4921 | 5198 | 4973 | 15092 | 12.6 (11.1, 14.3) | 12.1 (10.8, 13.5) | 11.3 (0.097, 13.1) | 12.0 (11.1, 12.9) | |
Child age | O years | 2208 | 2322 | 2243 | 6773 | 15.8 (13.3, 18.7) | 14.7 (12.7, 17.0) | 13.4 (11.2, 16.0) | 14.6 (13.3, 16.1) |
1 years | 1865 | 1875 | 1965 | 5705 | 14.7 (12.6, 17.1) | 13.3 (11.1, 15.8) | 13.8 (11.5, 16.5) | 13.9 (12.6, 15.3) | |
2 years | 1865 | 2007 | 1892 | 5763 | 13.2 (11.1, 15.6) | 12.0 (9.9, 14.4) | 11.0 (8.8, 13.7) | 12.1 (10.8, 13.5) | |
3 years | 2063 | 2321 | 1960 | 6344 | 10.9 (9.2, 12.9) | 11.0 (9.1, 13.1) | 10.3 (8.4, 12.5) | 10.7 (9.6, 11.9) | |
4 years | 1970 | 2204 | 2135 | 6310 | 8.7 (7.1, 10.6) | 8.6 (6.9, 10.6) | 7.1 (5.5, 9.3) | 8.1 (7.1, 9.3) | |
Age of mother | 15–19 | 485 | 416 | 348 | 1249 | 13.0 (9.0, 18.4) | 15.1 (9.9, 22.4) | 13.6 (8.3, 21.3) | 13.9 (10.9, 17.4) |
20–24 | 1959 | 2109 | 1887 | 5955 | 13.2 (10.7, 16.2) | 11.7 (9.7, 14.1) | 13.1 (11.0, 15.6) | 12.6 (11.3, 14.1) | |
25–29 | 2874 | 3442 | 3089 | 9405 | 13.1 (11.1, 15.4) | 11.9 (10.2, 13.7) | 9.8 (8.1, 11.8) | 11.6 (10.5, 12.7) | |
30–34 | 2081 | 2171 | 2350 | 6603 | 12.1 (10.1, 14.4) | 11.0 (9.1, 13.2) | 12.2 (9.9, 15.0) | 11.7 (10.5, 13.1) | |
35–39 | 1558 | 1637 | 1623 | 4818 | 12.5 (10.0, 15.5) | 11.9 (9.8,14.5) | 9.8 (7.7, 12.4) | 11.4 (10.1, 12.9) | |
40–44 | 709 | 714 | 675 | 2098 | 12.8 (9.4, 17.2) | 14.6 (10.0, 20.8) | 19.8 (6.9, 13.8) | 12.4 (10.1, 15.2) | |
44–49 | 306 | 240 | 223 | 768 | 10.7 (6.6, 16.8) | 8.0 (4.7, 13.3) | 11.8 (6.6, 20.2) | 10.2 (7.5, 13.7) | |
Type of fuel used | Solid biomass fuel | 9811 | 10553 | 9809 | 12995 | 12.8 (11.6, 14.1) | 11.9 (10.8, 13.1) | 11.2 (10.0, 12.5) | 11.0 (11.3, 12.7) |
Non-solid fuel | 130 | 53 | 326 | 508 | 4.7 (2.7, 8.0) | 6.5 (1.3, 26.8) | 6.8 (3.8, 12.0) | 6.2 (3.9, 9.8) | |
Location of food preparation or cooking | Inside house | 7050 | 6109 | 4328 | 17488 | 13.4 (11.9, 15.1) | 12.2 (10.7, 13.9) | 12.0 (10.4, 13.9) | 12.6 (11.2, 13.6) |
Separate building | 2343 | 3770 | 4770 | 10883 | 12.0 (10.1, 14.1) | 11.0 (9.4, 12.7) | 11.0 (9.4, 12.9) | 11.2 (10.2, 12.3) | |
Outside the house | 575 | 843 | 1088 | 2506 | 6.8 (4.5, 10.2) | 12.0 (10.0, 16.8) | 8.3 (6.0, 11.4) | 9.6 (7.9, 11.5) | |
Child size | Very large | 2175 | 2028 | 1790 | 5992 | 14.9 (12.2, 18.1) | 11.0 (9.1, 13.3) | 14.1 (11.7, 16.9) | 13.3 (11.9, 15.0) |
Larger than average | 943 | 1317 | 1417 | 3677 | 10.1 (7.8, 12.8) | 12.2 (9.9, 14.8) | 7.7 (5.8, 10.2) | 9.9 (8.6, 11.4) | |
Average | 4043 | 4184 | 4275 | 12503 | 11.7 (10.1, 13.5) | 9.3 (8.0, 10.9) | 9.7 (8.2, 11.5) | 10.2 (9.3, 11.2) | |
Smaller than average | 724 | 964 | 1019 | 2708 | 8.9 (6.4, 12.1) | 13.8 (10.7, 17.7) | 11.1 (8.2, 14.8) | 11.5 (9.7, 13.5) | |
Very small | 2071 | 2225 | 1619 | 5915 | 14.9 (12.7, 17.5) | 16.5 (14.2, 19.0) | 14.7 (12.2, 17.6) | 15.4 (14.1, 16.9) | |
Toilet type | Unimproved | 9394 | 9271 | 9117 | 2898 | 12.7 (11.5, 14.1) | 12.2 (11.1, 13.5) | 11.3 (10.1, 12.7) | 9.6 (8.0, 11.5) |
Improved | 546 | 1335 | 1018 | 27782 | 11.7 (8.5, 16.0) | 9.6 (7.2, 12.6) | 8.6 (6.2, 11.8) | 12.1 (11.4, 12.9) | |
Drinking water source | Unimproved | 5683 | 4926 | 3182 | 16301 | 13.4 (11.6, 15.4) | 12.5 (11.0, 14.3) | 11.4 (9.9, 13.2) | 11.6 (10.7, 12.5) |
Improved | 4255 | 5672 | 5692 | 13110 | 12.2 (10.7, 13.8) | 11.1 (9.8, 12.6) | 11.2 (9.2, 13.6) | 12.5 (11.4, 13.6) | |
Residence | Urban | 724 | 1372 | 1108 | 3204 | 8.8 (6.0, 12.9) | 9.3 (7.2, 12.0) | 7.0 (5.0, 9.6) | 8.4 (7.0, 10.0) |
Rural | 9247 | 9357 | 9087 | 27691 | 13.0 (11.0, 14.4) | 12.3 (11.1, 13.5) | 11.6 (10.3, 13.1) | 12.3 (11.6, 13.1) | |
Stunting | Normal | 2217 | 6201 | 5987 | 14404 | 11.7 (9.9, 13.8) | 11.4 (10.0, 13.0) | 10.9 (9.5, 12.4) | 12.0 (11.1, 12.9) |
Stunted | 2205 | 4388 | 3678 | 10272 | 13.8 (11.8, 16.1) | 12.4 (11.0, 13.8) | 12.0 (10.2, 14.0) | 11.7 (10.7, 12.8) | |
Underweighting | Normal | 2217 | 7734 | 7368 | 17318 | 11.7 (9.9, 13.8) | 11.2 (10.1, 12.5) | 10.8 (9.6, 12.1) | 11.4 (10.6, 12.2) |
Underweighted | 2205 | 2855 | 2327 | 7388 | 13.8 (11.8, 16.1) | 14.0 (12.1, 16.1) | 12.9 (10.6, 15.6) | 13.0 (11.8, 14.3) | |
Wasting | Normal | 2217 | 9620 | 8710 | 20547 | 11.7 (9.9, 13.8) | 11.5 (10.4, 1.26) | 10.9 (9.7, 12.2) | 11.5 (10.7, 12.3) |
Wasted | 2205 | 968 | 978 | 4151 | 13.8 (11.8, 16.1) | 16.8 (13.7, 20.4) | 14.8 (11.3, 19.1) | 13.6 (12.0, 15.3) | |
Radio listening frequency in the last week of survey | Not at all | 6486 | 5379 | 7549 | 19414 | 12.4 (110, 139) | 11.9 (10.4, 13.5) | 10.5 (9.2, 11.9) | 11.5 (10.7, 12.4) |
Less than once a week | 2375 | 3439 | 1299 | 7113 | 13.6 (11.4, 161) | 11.7 (9.8, 13.9) | 12.3 (9.5, 15.8) | 12.4 (11.1, 13.9) | |
At least once a week | 305 | 1903 | 1347 | 3556 | 18.3 (12.1, 26.8) | 12.2 (10.1, 14.6) | 13.5 (10.6, 17.1) | 13.2 (11.5, 15.2) | |
Almost everyday | 805 | – | – | 805 | 10.4 (7.5, 14.4) | – | – | 10.4 (7.5, 14.4) | |
Television watching Frequency in the last week of survey | Not at all | 9125 | 7910 | 8408 | 24742 | 12.9 (11.6, 14.4) | 12.6 (11.2, 14.1) | 11.1 (9.8, 12.6) | 12.2 (11.4, 13.1) |
Less than once a week | 611 | 2595 | 966 | 4172 | 11.8 (7.9, 17.3) | 11.8 (9.8, 14.1) | 14.0 (10.3, 18.7) | 12.3 (10.6, 14.2) | |
At least once a week | 59 | 909 | 821 | 1789 | 9.7 (3.3, 25.0) | 6.9 (4.6, 10.1) | 7.9 (5.5, 11.1) | 7.4 (5.7, 9.5) | |
Almost everyday | 160 | – | – | 160 | 3.5 (1.9, 6.6) | – | – | 3.5 (1.9, 6.6) |