Table 1 Baseline characteristics of included studies
From: Cryptosporidium animal species in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis
First author | Publication year | Province | Animal | Samples | Positive samples | Prevalence (%) | Species | Laboratory method |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nouri [13] | 1991 | Lorestan | Sheep | 276 | 37 | 13.4 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Rezaeian [14] | 1993 | Tehran | Sheep | 510 | 26 | 5.1 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Fasihi Harandi [15] | 2006 | Kerman | Sheep | 434 | 60 | 13.8 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Vahedi [16] | 2008 | Mazandaran | Lamb | 708 | 29 | 4.1 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Heidari [17] | 2012 | Hamadan | Sheep | 220 | 19 | 8.6 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Khezri [18] | 2013 | Kurdistan | Lamb | 850 | 87 | 10.2 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Gharekhani [19] | 2013 | Hamedan Esfahan, Yazd Fars, Bushehr Mazandaran | Sheep | 1749 | 198 | 11.3 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Shafieyan [20] | 2014 | Lorestan | Sheep | 345 | 20 | 5.8 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Sadeghi [21] | 2015 | Kurdistan | Sheep | 180 | 11 | 6.1 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Dalimi [6] | 2017 | Tehran | Sheep | 1300 | 22 | 1.7 | C. andersoni, C. parvum | Nested-PCR |
Radfar [22] | 2006 | Kerman | Calf | 291 | 63 | 21.6 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Maleki [23] | 2006 | Lorestan | Cattle | 400 | 70 | 17.5 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Parsa [24] | 2007 | Azerbaijan | Cattle | 300 | 16 | 5.3 | C. andersoni | Microscopic |
Azami [25] | 2007 | Isfahan | Cattle | 480 | 30 | 6.3 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Azizi [26] | 2007 | Chaharmahl | Calf | 400 | 72 | 18 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Yakhchali [27] | 2007 | Kurdistan | Cattle | 260 | 103 | 39.6 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Keshavarz [28] | 2008 | Qazvin | Cattle | 272 | 51 | 18.8 | C. andersoni, C. parvum, C. bovis | PCR-RFLP |
Mohamadi [29] | 2008 | Ardabil | Cattle | 107 | 14 | 13.1 | C. andersoni | Nested PCR&RFLP |
Ardabil | Cattle | 107 | 5 | 4.7 | C. parvum | Nested PCR&RFLP | ||
Hassanpour [30] | 2008 | Azerbaijan | Calf | 482 | 31 | 6.4 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Fotouhi [31] | 2008 | Kerman | Cattle | 412 | 78 | 18.9 | C. andersoni, C. parvum | Microscopic |
Vahedi [16] | 2008 | Mazandaran | Calf | 713 | 28 | 3.9 | Cryptosporidium. spp. | Microscopic |
Shayan [32] | 2008 | Tehran | Cattle | 173 | 64 | 37 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Davoudi [33] | 2009 | Azerbaijan | Calf | 50 | 7 | 14 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Rat | 40 | 80 | ||||||
Pirestani [34] | 2009 | Tehran | Calf | 573 | 69 | 12 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Ranjbar [35] | 2009 | Mazandaran | Calf | 150 | 11 | 7.3 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Fallah [36] | 2009 | Kurdistan | Calf | 412 | 35 | 8.5 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Baghban [37] | 2009 | Kohkiluyeh | Calf | 80 | 37 | 46.3 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Nourmohamadzadeh [38] | 2010 | Azerbaijan | Calf | 500 | 207 | 41.4 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Safavi Afshari [39] | 2010 | Khorasan | Calf | 112 | 82 | 73.2 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Ranjbar [40] | 2011 | Tehran | Calf | 200 | 35 | 17.5 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Changizi [41] | 2011 | Semnan | Cattle | 200 | 21 | 10.5 | C. ryanae | Microscopic |
Bairami [42] | 2011 | Tehran | Cattle | 100 | 30 | 30 | Cryptosporidium spp. | PCR |
Heidarnegadi [43] | 2011 | Khuzestan | Cattle | 45 | 29 | 64.4 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Ranjbar [44] | 2013 | Khorasan | Calf | 400 | 10 | 5.2 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Ghadrdan [45] | 2011 | Semnan | Calf | 50 | 8 | 16 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Heidari [46] | 2012 | Hamadan | Cattle | 477 | 76 | 15.9 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Ranjbar [47] | 2012 | Khorasan | Calf | 170 | 19 | 11.2 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Jafari [48] | 2012 | Hamedan | Calf | 195 | 25 | 12.8 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Asadpour [49] | 2013 | Khorasan | Calf | 300 | 45 | 15 | C. parvum | PCR-RFLP |
Mirzai [50] | 2013 | Azerbaijan | Cattle | 246 | 55 | 22.4 | C. andersoni, C. parvum | Microscopic |
Dalimi [51] | 2013 | Tehran | Cattle | 940 | 23 | 2.4 | C. andersoni | Nested PCR |
Shafieyan [20] | 2014 | Lorestan | Cattle | 430 | 39 | 9.1 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Mojarad [52] | 2014 | Qazvin | Cattle | 158 | 26 | 16.5 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Bahrami [53] | 2014 | Khuzestan | Calf | 90 | 41 | 45.6 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Mahami oskouei [54] | 2014 | Ilam | Cattle | 217 | 8 | 3.7 | C. parvum | Nested PCR&RFLP |
Mirzaghavami [55] | 2015 | Tehran | Cattle | 50 | 12 | 24 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Saki [1] | 2017 | Khuzestan | Cattle | 240 | 5 | 2.1 | C. parvum | Nested PCR&RFLP |
Mosallanejad [56] | 2010 | Khuzestan | Dog | 93 | 4 | 4.3 | C. parvum | ELISA |
Kake khani [57] | 2011 | Ilam | Dog | 112 | 8 | 7.1 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Heidari [17] | 2012 | Hamadan | Dog | 210 | 8 | 3.8 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Badrooj [58] | 2012 | Shiraz | Dog | 29 | 0 | 1.7 | Cryptosporidium spp. | PCR |
Beiromvand [59] | 2012 | Khorasan | Dog | 77 | 4 | 5.2 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Mirzaei [60] | 2013 | Kerman | Dog | 548 | 11 | 2 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
100 | 3 | 3 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic | ||||
Gharekhani [61] | 2014 | Hamedan | Dog | 210 | 8 | 3.8 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Arzamani [62] | 2016 | Khorasan | Dog | 32 | 1 | 3.1 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Tavalla [63] | 2017 | Khuzestan | Dog | 350 | 43 | 12.3 | Cryptosporidium spp. | PCR |
Mohaghegh [64] | 2017 | Kermanshah | Dog | 301 | 72 | 23.9 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Ranjbar [9] | 2018 | Isfahan | Dog | 140 | 3 | 2.1 | C. parvum | PCR |
Borji [65] | 2009 | Khorasan | Camel | 306 | 6 | 2 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Behzadi [66] | 2009 | Isfahan | Camel | 103 | 39 | 37.9 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Nazifi [67] | 2009 | Hormozgan | Camel | 65 | 11 | 16.9 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Sazmand [68] | 2011 | Yazd | Camel | 300 | 61 | 20.3 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Yakhchali [69] | 2012 | Azerbaijan | Camel | 170 | 17 | 10 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Radfar [70] | 2012 | Kerman | Camel | 85 | 2 | 2.4 | C. parvum | ELISA |
Shahraki [71] | 2015 | Sistan | Camel | 184 | 1 | 0.5 | C. parvum | ELISA |
Hamedi [72] | 2003 | Hormozgan | Rat | 63 | 11 | 17.5 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Shiraz i[73] | 2009 | Azerbaijan | Rat | 50 | 37 | 74 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Davoudi [32] | 2010 | Azerbaijan | Rat | 50 | 40 | 80 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Bahrami [74] | 2012 | Tehran | Rat | 77 | 21 | 27.3 | C. parvum | PCR-RFLP |
Borji [75] | 2013 | Khorasan | Hamster | 100 | 44 | 44 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Mirzaghavami [56] | 2015 | Tehran | Rat | 180 | 23 | 12.8 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Saki [1] | 2016 | Khuzestan | Rodent | 100 | 3 | 3 | C. parvum | Nested PCR&RFLP |
Valipour [76] | 2016 | Khuzestan | Rat | 42 | 3 | 7.1 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Mohebali [77] | 2017 | Azerbaijan | Rodent | 204 | 1 | 0.5 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Banani [78] | 2000 | Fars | Chicken | 1522 | 125 | 8.2 | C. bailey | ELISA |
Mirzai [79] | 2008 | Kerman | Pigeon | 400 | 10 | 2.5 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Behzadi [67] | 2009 | Isfahan | Ostrich | 75 | 21 | 28 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Norolahi Fard [80] | 2010 | Khorasan | Pigeon | 200 | 5 | 2.5 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Shemshadi [81] | 2010 | Semnan | Broiler | 240 | 57 | 23.8 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Haghbin [82] | 2010 | Mazandaran | Broiler | 300 | 39 | 13 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Radfar [83] | 2011 | Khorasan | Pigeon | 102 | 3 | 2.9 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Heidarnegadi [42] | 2011 | Khuzestan | Turkey | 22 | 11 | 50 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Heidari [17] | 2012 | Hamadan | Poultry | 200 | 5 | 2.5 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Hamidinejat [84] | 2014 | Lorestan | Chicken | 1000 | 7 | 0.7 | C. bailey | PCR-RFLP |
Hashemzade [85] | 2014 | Azerbaijan | Bird | 400 | 36 | 9 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Hashemzade [86] | 2014 | Azerbaijan | Poultry | 400 | 21 | 5.3 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Mirzaghavami [56] | 2015 | Tehran | Pigeon | 40 | 1 | 2.5 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Shemshadi [87] | 2016 | Rasht | Duck | 30 | 5 | 16.7 | C. bailey | Microscopic |
Soltanialvar [88] | 2016 | Khuzestan | Turkey | 200 | 4 | 2 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Larki [89] | 2017 | Khuzestan | Duck | 41 | 11 | 26.8 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Naghibi [90] | 2002 | Khorasan | Horse | 300 | 80 | 26.7 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Tavassoli [91] | 2005 | Azerbaijan | Horse | 221 | 35 | 15.8 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Mirian [5] | 2010 | Tehran | Horse | 200 | 50 | 25 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Heidari [17] | 2012 | Hamedan | Horse | 158 | 20 | 12.7 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |
Ghadrdan [92] | 2012 | Khuzestan | Horse | 100 | 18 | 18 | Cryptosporidium spp. | Microscopic |