Table 3 Socio-demographic, clinical, and hygienic factors associated with ESBL-E fecal carriage by bivariate analysis
Variable | Total number | Positive, n (%) | cOR | 95% CI | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (p = 0.06) | 182 | 117 (64.3) | 0.95 | 0.89–1.00 | 0.07 |
Educational level (p = 0.001) | |||||
Low | 80 | 62 (77.5) | 2.94 | 1.53–5.66 | 0.001 |
High | 102 | 55 (53.9) | 1 | ||
HIV status (p = 0.16) | |||||
Positive | 9 | 8 (88.9) | 4.70 | 0.57–38.42 | 0.15 |
Negative | 173 | 109 (63.0) | Ref | ||
Self-prescription of antibiotic medication in pregnancy (p = 0.001) | |||||
Yes | 95 | 72 (75.8) | 2.92 | 1.56–5.49 | 0.001 |
No | 87 | 45 (51.7) | Ref | ||
Toilet sharing (p = 0.01) | |||||
No | 46 | 22 (47.8) | Ref | ||
Yes | 136 | 95 (69.9) | 2.53 | 1.27–5.01 | 0.008 |
Handwashing with soap before eating (p = 0.17) | |||||
Yes | 159 | 99 (62.3) | Ref | ||
No | 23 | 18 (78.3) | 2.18 | 0.77–6.18 | 0.14 |
Handwashing using soap after defecation (p = 0.03) | |||||
Yes | 156 | 95 (60.9) | Ref | ||
No | 26 | 22 (84.6) | 3.53 | 1.16–10.74 | 0.03 |