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Table 1 Characteristics of included studies

From: Prevalence of HIV-associated esophageal candidiasis in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Study

Country

Study type

Study population

Age: median or mean (IQR) years

Sex (M/F)

Patients (N)

Cases

Diagnosis

ART period

Mushi et al. [25]*

Tanzania

Retrospective observational

Patients attending the endoscopy unit between August 19, 2009, and September 19, 2014

–

−/−

15

8

Endoscopic

ART Era

Lawson-Ananissoh et al. [17]

Togo

Retrospective observational

Lome´ University Hospital Hepato-Gastroenterology Department records covering a 10-year period; 2005 to 2014

41

201/231

432

32

Not specified

ART Era

Andoulo et al. [27]*

Cameroon

Prospective observational

Adult patients referred for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy from 2014 to 2015 to university teaching hospitals at Yaounde and Douala.

43.8 (20 to 71)

27/29

56

34

Endoscopic

ART Era

Rubaihayo et al. [18]

Uganda

Retrospective observational

Patients attending TASO HIV Clinic in 4 TASO centers in Uganda from 2002 to 2009

33 (27 to 40)

39379/69240

108619

8778

Non-endoscopic

ART Era

Brentlinger et al. [20]

Mozambique

Prospective observational

HIV-infected ambulatory patients 18 years of age and above presenting for scheduled (routine) or unscheduled care at three participating health centers, with current Hb < 10 g/dl in 2012

29 (23 to 36)

62/262

324

4

Non-endoscopic

ART Era

Bagny et al. [19]

Togo

Prospective observational

All adult HIV patients admitted to hepato-gastroenterology department of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lome´ campus fom January 1 to December 31, 2011

38.8 (20 to 65)

15/67

82

24

Endoscopic

ART Era

Preidis et al. [21]

Malawi

Retrospective observational

Data from all HIV patient September 1, 2007, and December 31, 2008

21.8 (11.1 to 44.6)

479/405

884

35

Non-endoscopic

ART Era

Zachariah et al. [22]

Malawi

Retrospective cohort

HIV patients receiving care in Thylo District health centers from 2006 to 2008

35

706/1610

2289

53

Non-endoscopic

ART Era

Okeke et al. [26]*

Nigeria

Retrospective observational

Patients who underwent endoscopy at Jos University Teaching Hospital

–

−/−

52

18

Endoscopic

Pre-ART

Mohamed et al. [10]

Kenya

Prospective observational

Consecutive patients 12 years and above referred between 2000 and 2001

32 (18 to 55)

20/32

52

27

Endoscopic

Pre-ART

Morgan et al. [24]

Uganda

Prospective observational

Prevalent and incident community cases from 1989 to 1998

Males: 36.9

Females: 36.5

38/34

72

19

Non-endoscopic

Pre-ART

Ravera et al. [23]

Uganda

Randomized clinical trial

From September 1994 to December 1995, 320 consecutive AIDS patients were observed at the Gastroenterology Department of Hoima Hospital in Uganda

23.7

27/50

320

77

Endoscopic

Pre-ART

Kelly et al. [28]*

Zambia

Cross-sectional

HIV seropositive patients presenting with persistent diarrhea at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka

Male: 30

Female: 29.5

Range: 16–64

40/35

75

41

Endoscopic

Pre-ART

  1. Abbreviations: AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, ART anti-retroviral therapy, TASO The AIDS Support Organization, IQR interquartile range, M male, F female, HIV human immunodeficiency virus
  2. *Not included in the meta-analysis as the selection of the patient was from a restricted population with a higher likelihood of over estimation of the prevalence of OC