Table 2 The prevalence of HCAI, 95% CI and heterogeneity estimate with a p-value for the subgroup analysis by study region, design, diagnostic method and sample size

By region

Addis Ababa

18.37% (13.91–22.82)

98.8% (0.000)

Oromia

17.37% (9.19–25.56)

98.5% (0.000)

Amhara

13.27% (9.00–17.52)

99.5% (0.000)

Tigray

27.6% (25.37–29.83

-

SNNPR

21.4% (20.3–22.5)

-

Addis Ababa and SNNPR

5.9% (4.25–7.55)

-

Study design

Cross sectional

18.52% (14.91–22.12)

99.3% (0.000)

Cohort

12.86% (7.98–17.74)

98.4% (0.000)

Diagnostic method

Clinical and laboratory

18.89% (14.85–21.51)

99.2% (0.000)

Culture confirmed

12.71% (6.4–19.02)

99% (0.000)

Sample size

< 1000

18.11% (13.18–23.04)

98.6% (0.000)

≥ 1000

14.66% (11.72–17.60)

99.3% (0.000)