Table 2 Efficacy, toxicity, and phytochemical studies on medicinal plants used for treatment of TB in East Africa

Acacia ataxacantha

Maceration (methanol)

Not active

Not tested

IC₅₀ = 90.39

Phenols, terpenoids

[28]

Acacia horrida

Soxhlet (methanol)

< 1000 (Iso < 500)

Not tested

Not tested

Alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, tannins, saponins, terpenoids

[29]

Acacia senegal

Soxhlet (methanol)

< 1000 (Iso < 500)

Not tested

Not tested

Cardiac glycosides, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids

[29]

Acokanthera friesiorum

Soxhlet (methanol)

< 1000 (Iso < 500)

Not tested

Not tested

Cardiac glycosides, Tannins, flavonoids

[29]

Albizia anthelmitica

Soxhlet (methanol)

< 1000 (Iso < 500)

Not tested

Not tested

Alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids

[29]

Aspilia pluriseta

Maceration (methanol)

Active at 1 g/ml (MIC not determined)

Not tested

IC₅₀ = 24.51

Phenol, terpenoids, flavonoids

[28]

Bidens pilosa

Maceration (ethanol)

100

Not tested

Not tested

Not tested

[37]

Callistemon citrinus

Maceration (methanol, chloroform)

325 (methanol), 48 (chloroform) (Iso = 4.0; R = 2.0)

78 (methanol), 158 (chloroform), Iso = 4.0

Not tested

Flavonoids, alkaloids, triterpenoids, saponins

[15]

Cissampelos pareira

Maceration (methanol)

Active at 1 g/ml (MIC not determined)

Not tested

IC₅₀ = 179

Anthraquinones, phenols, terpenoids, flavonoids

[28]

Commiphora edulis

Maceration (ethyl acetate, DCM, water)

6250 (Ethyl acetate), 780 (methanol), Not active (water)

Not tested

IC₅₀ = 393 (DCM), 1734 (ethyl acetate)

Flavonoids, terpenoids

[26]

Commiphora ellenbeckii

Maceration (ethyl acetate, methanol, water)

12500 (Ethyl acetate), 3125 (methanol), 780 (water), 15 (rif)

Not tested

IC₅₀ = 608 (methanol), 1509 (water)

Alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids

[26]

Commiphora mildbraedii

Maceration (ethyl acetate, methanol, water)

6250–9250 (Ethyl acetate), 390–780 (methanol), not active (water), 15 (Rif)

Not tested

IC₅₀ = 339 (ethyl acetate), 452 (methanol)

Alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids

[26]

Cordia sinensis

Soxhlet (methanol)

< 500 (Iso < 500)

Not tested

Not tested

Saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins

[29]

Cryptolepsis sanguinolenta

Methanol chloroform

1170 (methanol) (Iso = 0.25; R = 0.25)

1580 (methanol) (Iso = 0.25)

LD₅₀ = 758 mg/kg

Alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids

[84]

Dalbergia melanoxylon

Maceration (methanol)

Not active

Not tested

IC₅₀ = 120.04

Phenols, terpenoids

[28]

Dichrostachys cinerea

Maceration (methanol)

Active at 1 g/ml, (MIC not determined)

Not tested

IC₅₀ = 201.22

Phenols, terpenoids

[28]

Entadda abyssinica

Maceration (methanol)

500 (Iso = 0.25)

Not tested

Not tested

Flavonoid, alkaloids, saponins, tannins

[12, 29]

Erythrina abyssinica

Maceration (methanol)

390 (Rif = 0.25; Iso = 0.25)

2350 (Iso = 9.38)

LD₅₀ = 776.2 mg/kg

Flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins

[44]

Euphorbia ingens

Maceration (methanol)

Active at 1 g/ml (MIC not determined)

Not tested

IC₅₀ = 105.55

Phenols, terpenoids

[28]

Euphorbia scarlatica

Soxhlet (methanol)

< 500 (Iso < 500)

Not tested

Not tested

Alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, flavonoids

[29]

Gnidia buchananii

Maceration (methanol)

Active at 1 g/ml (MIC not determined)

Not tested

IC₅₀ = 76.24

Phenols, terpenoids,

[28]

Indigofera lupatana

Maceration (methanol)

Not active

Not tested

IC₅₀ = 60.37

Phenols, terpenoids

[28]

Khaya senegalensis

Maceration (ethyl acetate, chloroform)

6.25

Not tested

IC₅₀ = 1000

Not tested

[52]

Lantana camara

Maceration (methanol, chloroform)

20 (Rif = 1)

15 (Iso = 0.25)

LD₅₀ > 500 mg/kg

Not reported

[53]

Lonchocarpus eriocalyx

Maceration (methanol)

Not active

Not tested

IC₅₀ = 201.87

Terpenoids, phenols, flavonoids

[28]

Loranthus acaciae

Soxhlet (methanol)

< 1000 (Iso < 500)

Not tested

Not tested

Alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, flavonoids

[29]

Mangifera indica

Methanol

3130 (methanol) (Iso = 0.25; R = 0.25)

590 (methanol) (Iso = 0.25)

Not tested

Phenols, terpenoids

[16]

Pentos longiflora

Maceration (ethanol)

1000

Not tested

Not tested

Not tested

[37]

Piptadenistrum africana

Maceration (chloroform)

395 (chloroform)

395 (chloroform)

Not tested

Flavonoids, tannins

[15]

Plumbago dawei

Soxhlet (methanol)

< 1000 (Iso < 500)

Not tested

Not tested

Cardiac glycosides, tannins, terpenoids, flavonoids

[29]

Rosmarinus officinalis L.

Maceration (chloroform)

6.25

Not tested

IC₅₀ = 100

Not tested

[52]

Salvadora persica

Soxhlet (methanol)

< 500 (Iso < 500)

Not tested

Not tested

Alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, flavonoids

[29]

Solanum incanum

Methanol chloroform

Not active

Not active

Not tested

Not reported

[16]

Tetradenia riparia

Maceration (ethanol)

500

Not tested

Not tested

Not tested

[37]

Warburgia ugandensis

Methanol chloroform

4690 (methanol), 2350 (chloroform) (Iso = 0.25; R = 0.25)

2350 (methanol), 590 (chloroform) (Iso = 0.25)

Not tested

Flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids

[85, 86]

Zanthoxylum leprieurii

Methanol

47.5 (Iso = 4.0; R = 2.0)

75.3 (Iso = 4.0)

Not tested

Alkaloids

[5]